Microbial Biodiversity in Sediment from the Amuyo Ponds: Three Andean Hydrothermal Lagoons in Northern Chile.

The Amuyo Ponds (APs) are a group of three brackish hydrothermal lagoons located at 3700 m above sea level in a pre-Andean setting in the Atacama Desert. Each pond shows a conspicuous green (GP), red (RP), or yellow (YP) coloration, and discharges water rich in arsenic and boron into the Caritaya River (Camarones Basin, northern Chile). Microorganisms are subjected to harsh environmental conditions in these ponds, and the microbial composition and diversity in the Amuyo Ponds' sediments are unknown.

cytotoxic capacity against tumor cell lines and antioxidant activity of acidic polysaccharides isolated from the Andean Patagonian fungus .

Fungal polysaccharides possess a broad biological activity, including cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the acidic polysaccharides of strain (named PBAP40). Cytotoxic activity of polysaccharide was evaluated determining the viability of three tumor cell lines by MTT assay.

Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obtained from rainbow trout () intestine, were cultured in MRS medium and probiotic candidates. Concurrently, producers of elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNps) were selected. Probiotic candidates were subjected to morphological characterization and the following tests: antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, catalase, hydrophobicity, viability at low pH, and tolerance to bile salts.

An Anaerobic Environment Drives the Harboring of within Yeast Cells.

protects itself from stressful environments by forming biofilms, changing its morphology, or invading eukaryotic cells, including yeast cells. There is little knowledge about the environmental factors that influence the endosymbiotic relationship between bacterium and yeasts. Here, we studied if oxygen availability stimulated the growth of within and if this was a bacterial- or yeast strain-dependent relationship.

Selenium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by and Their Effects on Cellular and Physiological Parameters in the Rainbow Trout .

The applications of nanoparticles (Nps) as food additives, health enhancers, and antimicrobials in animal production are increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) nanoparticles (SeNps) stabilized with L-cysteine (SeNps/L-Cys), as a nutritional supplement, on immunological, oxidative status, and productive parameters in TEM and SEM-EDS showed the accumulation of spherical SeNps entirely composed by elemental selenium (Se) as intracellular and extracellular deposits in UC-32 strain. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of SeNps/L-Cys was significant more efficient ROS scavengers than SeNps and NaSeO.

Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Parasite-Fauna of Wild Smitt, 1898 Captured at the South-Central Coast of Chile.

has a discontinuous circumpolar geographic distribution restricted to mountains and platforms, mainly in Subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the southern hemisphere, including the Southeast Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and in areas surrounding the peninsular platforms of subantarctic islands. The aim of this work was to determine and characterize the gastrointestinal parasitic and microbial fauna of specimens of captured in waters of the south-central zone of Chile. The magnitude of parasitism in captured in waters of the south-central zone of Chile is variable, and the parasite richness is different from that reported in specimens from subantarctic environments.

Temperatures Outside the Optimal Range for Increase Its Harboring within Yeast Cells.

is capable of entering into yeast, but the factors driving this endosymbiosis remain unknown. This work aimed to determine if temperatures outside the optimal range for increase its harboring within . strains were co-cultured with strains in Brucella broth supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 4, 25, 37 or 40 °C.

Nutrient Deficiency Promotes the Entry of Cells into Yeast Cells.

, a Gram-negative bacterium, has as a natural niche the human gastric epithelium. This pathogen has been reported to enter into yeast cells; however, factors triggering this endosymbiotic relationship remain unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro if variations in nutrient concentration in the cultured medium trigger the internalization of within cells.

Antibiotics as a Stressing Factor Triggering the Harboring of J99 within ATCC10231.

Unlabelled: First-line treatment for includes amoxicillin and clarithromycin or metronidazole plus a proton pump inhibitor. Treatment failure is associated with antibiotic resistance and possibly also with internalization of into eukaryotic cells, such as yeasts. Factors triggering the entry of into yeast are poorly understood.

Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile.

Arsenic (As), a semimetal toxic for humans, is commonly associated with serious health problems. The most common form of massive and chronic exposure to As is through consumption of contaminated drinking water. This study aimed to isolate an As resistant bacterial strain to characterize its ability to oxidize As (III) when immobilized in an activated carbon batch bioreactor and to evaluate its potential to be used in biological treatments to remediate As contaminated waters.

Intracellular Presence of and Its Virulence-Associated Genotypes within the Vaginal Yeast of Term Pregnant Women.

Background: transmission routes are not entirely elucidated. Since yeasts are postulated to transmit this pathogen, this study aimed to detect and genotype intracellular harbored within vaginal yeast cells.

Methods: A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors of infection.

The Influence of CO-Driven Ocean Acidification on Open Ocean Bacterial Communities during A Short-Term Microcosm Experiment in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) off Northern Chile.

Due to the increasing anthropogenic CO emissions, Ocean Acidification (OA) is progressing rapidly around the world. Despite the major role that microorganisms play on the marine biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning, the response of bacterial communities upon OA scenarios is still not well understood. Here, we have conducted a detailed characterization of the composition and relative abundance of bacterial communities in the water column of an open-ocean station in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) off northern Chile and their interactions with environmental factors.

Characterization of the Bacterial Biofilm Communities Present in Reverse-Osmosis Water Systems for Haemodialysis.

Biofilm in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a common problem in water treatment at haemodialysis facilities. Bacteria adhere and proliferate on RO membranes, forming biofilms, obstructing and damaging the membranes and allowing the transfer of bacteria and/or cellular components potentially harmful to the health of haemodialysis patients. Our aim was to characterize the bacterial community associated to biofilm of RO membranes and to identify potentially pathogenic bacteria present in the haemodialysis systems of two dialysis centres in Chile.

In Vitro Incorporation of into Caused by Acidic pH Stress.

Yeasts can adapt to a wide range of pH fluctuations (2 to 10), while , a facultative intracellular bacterium, can adapt to a range from pH 6 to 8. This work analyzed if J99 can protect itself from acidic pH by entering into ATCC 90028. Growth curves were determined for and at pH 3, 4, and 7.

Effect of the natural arsenic gradient on the diversity and arsenic resistance of bacterial communities of the sediments of Camarones River (Atacama Desert, Chile).

Arsenic (As), a highly toxic metalloid, naturally present in Camarones River (Atacama Desert, Chile) is a great health concern for the local population and authorities. In this study, the taxonomic and functional characterization of bacterial communities associated to metal-rich sediments from three sites of the river (sites M1, M2 and M3), showing different arsenic concentrations, were evaluated using a combination of approaches. Diversity of bacterial communities was evaluated by Illumina sequencing.

Simultaneous removal of C and N from fish effluents in filter reactors: Effect of recirculation ratio on the axial distribution of microbial communities.

We simultaneously removed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from fish effluents in compact filter reactors operating at different recirculation ratios (RRs) (2, 10 and without recirculation) to demonstrate microbial coexistence and determine the effect of the RR on the axial bacterial stratification. We also examined the global performance of anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic processes. Microbial communities (bacteria and archaea) were analyzed using 16s rRNA amplification followed by DGGE analyses.

Arsenite oxidation by Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans immobilized on zeolite and its potential biotechnological application.

Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans has been recently described as a new arsenite oxidizing bacterial species. Arsenite detoxification activity by this species was determined by HPLC/HG/AAS. P.

Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans sp nov., an arsenite-oxidizing strain isolated from the Atacama desert.

A Gram-negative, arsenite-oxidizing bacterial strain, designated VC-1, was isolated from sediment samples from the Camarones Valley in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Strain VC-1 was strictly aerobic, oxidase and catalase positive, rod shaped, of about 5.5 microm in length and 0.