Structure and mechanism of the Zorya anti-phage defense system.

Zorya is a recently identified and widely distributed bacterial immune system that protects bacteria from viral (phage) infections. Three Zorya subtypes have been discovered, each containing predicted membrane-embedded ZorAB complexes paired with soluble subunits that differ among Zorya subtypes, notably ZorC and ZorD in type I Zorya systems. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of Zorya defense using cryo-electron microscopy, mutagenesis, fluorescence microscopy, proteomics, and functional studies.

Diversity and phage sensitivity to phages of porcine enterotoxigenic .

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a diverse and poorly characterized pathotype that causes diarrhea in humans and animals. Phages have been proposed for the veterinary biocontrol of ETEC, but effective solutions require understanding of porcine ETEC diversity that affects phage infection. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of the PHAGEBio ETEC collection, gathering 79 diverse ETEC strains isolated from European pigs with post-weaning diarrhea (PWD).

Agtrevirus phage AV101 recognizes four different O-antigens infecting diverse .

Bacteriophages in the genus are known for expressing multiple tail spike proteins (TSPs), but little is known about their genetic diversity and host recognition apart from their ability to infect diverse species. Here, we aim to determine the genetic differences that may account for the diverse host ranges of phages. We performed comparative genomics of 14 and identified only a few genetic differences including genes involved in nucleotide metabolism.