Ethics dumping in artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems encode not just statistical models and complex algorithms designed to process and analyze data, but also significant normative baggage. This ethical dimension, derived from the underlying code and training data, shapes the recommendations given, behaviors exhibited, and perceptions had by AI. These factors influence how AI is regulated, used, misused, and impacts end-users.

A qualitative exploration of nursing master's research supervision in a private higher education institution.

Background: Completing a Master's thesis is crucial for earning a master's degree and showcasing students' academic and professional skills. However, the process is often challenging owing to its solitary nature and the complexity of its supervisory relationships.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of Nursing Master's Research Supervision and its impact on their thesis journey.

An examination of Black-White disparities in repeat nonfatal opioid overdose incidents, fatal drug overdose, and all-cause mortality in Detroit, Michigan.

Background: There has been an approximately 38 percent increase in overdose deaths for Black men since 2015 yet estimates vary between major metropolitan areas. It is crucial to examine local data to inform community-driven harm reduction and overdose prevention services. We used administrative data to examine the effect of demographic characteristics and repeated nonfatal opioid overdoses (NFOO) on drug-related and all-cause mortality.

Naloxone vending machines in county jail.

Introduction: The overdose epidemic in the United States has intensified following the introduction of illicitly manufactured fentanyl to drug markets with recent estimates indicating 110,000 deaths in 2022 and longer-term trends adversely impacting national life expectancy. A period of incarceration has been identified as a critical touchpoint for overdose prevention given its strong association with risk of overdose. In this paper we describe efforts funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) grant to design and implement naloxone vending machines that provide free naloxone within county jails to returning citizens and those visiting county jail facilities.

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Medication for Opioid use Disorder Treatment: A Qualitative Study among a Crowdsourced Convenience Sample.

Given the effectiveness of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and low engagement of treatment among people who use drugs (PWUD), it is important to better understand how to engage treatment clients with MOUD care. The current study aimed to achieve this goal by using qualitative methodology to characterize the MOUD treatment experiences. Participants (N = 52) were recruited for an online semi-structured interview.

"If everyone knew about this, how many lives could we save?": Do drug suppliers have a role in reducing overdose risk?

Introduction: An unpredictable illicit drug supply is driving high levels of overdose death in North America. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of involving people who use drugs in harm reduction intervention design and implementation. The inclusion of people who supply drugs in these efforts has been scant.

Use of harm reduction strategies by individuals with a history of incarceration: A short report using baseline data collected from the STAMINA clinical trial.

Background: Due to the considerably heightened risk of overdose immediately following jail or prison release, expansion of harm reduction interventions for citizens returning to the community after an incarceration episode should be of utmost concern. However, there are no studies examining the adoption and use of harm reduction among this population. This short report examines the use of individual-level harm reduction strategies (HRS) among people who use drugs, comparing those who have lifetime histories of incarceration with those who do not.

Effects of Online Unfolding Case Studies on Clinical Reasoning and Academic Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students.

A single-episode online case study increases cognitive load in contrast to an unfolding online case study, which decreases cognitive load, improves academic performance, and enhances clinical reasoning. However, online utilization of unfolding case studies is limited. A one-group pretest posttest experimental design was employed with 45 nursing students in a pathophysiology course.

Cannabis donation as a harm reduction strategy: a case study.

Background: The United States (US) continues to experience unprecedented rates of overdose mortality and there is increased need to identify effective harm reduction practices. Research from Canada describes cannabis donation through harm reduction agencies as an adjunctive strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of more harmful drugs. This case study describes the operational logistics, feasibility, and potential benefits of a cannabis donation program that was operated through a harm reduction program in rural Michigan.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Bilingual English-Urdu Pakistani Critical Thinking Disposition Scale.

Objective: To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Pakistani Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale.

Methods: In the item generation phase, constructs of the scale were identified through an in-depth literature review and items were written to measure the constructs. Following this, input of the experts was obtained for content validity index.

Cognitive biases regarding utilization of emergency severity index among emergency nurses.

Aim: The study aimed to measure emergency nurses' prevalence of cognitive biases when utilizing Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Moreover, the study aimed to measure the differences between cognitive biases and demographic variables.

Background: Nurses use Emergency Severity Index (ESI) to prioritize the patients.

Spatiotemporal Analysis Exploring the Effect of Law Enforcement Drug Market Disruptions on Overdose, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2020-2021.

To test the hypothesis that law enforcement efforts to disrupt local drug markets by seizing opioids or stimulants are associated with increased spatiotemporal clustering of overdose events in the surrounding geographic area. We performed a retrospective (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021), population-based cohort study using administrative data from Marion County, Indiana. We compared frequency and characteristics of drug (i.

Assessing Rural-Urban Differences in Screening for Mental Health Needs Among Individuals in County Jails.

Rural jails are increasingly contributing to the overall jail population and little is known about how they differ from non-rural jails. This study compares demographic, behavioral health and criminal/legal histories of 3,797 individuals who booked into three rural jails and seven non-rural jails. In addition, the study assessed how jails identify mental illness, which was compared to an objective screening instrument (Kessler-6).

Efficacy and safety of surfactant administration by MIST and INSURE techniques in Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To measure the efficacy and safety of surfactant administered by MIST and INSURE to neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2021 to August 2022 at the NICU of the University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore. Neonates meeting inclusion criteria i.

Buprenorphine and opioid analgesics: Dispensation and discontinuity among accidental overdose fatalities in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, 2016-2021.

Background: This study describes overall trends and sociodemographic disparities in buprenorphine and opioid analgesic uptake and prescribing patterns prior to fatal overdose events.

Methods: We examined toxicology data from all accidental overdose deaths from 2016 to 2021 (N = 2682) in a large metropolitan area. These data were linked at the individual-level with a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP).

Community overdose surveillance: Fentanyl involvement in overdose deaths in rural Michigan.

Purpose: Examine fatal overdose toxicology trends to contribute toward understanding the outreach and treatment needs of people who use drugs in rural areas.

Methods: We describe toxicology results from overdose deaths that occurred between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, in 11 rural counties in Michigan, a state with relatively high rates of overdose mortality. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD posthoc tests were used to test statistically significant differences in the frequency of substances detected between years.

Differences in intent to refer buprenorphine among community correctional and treatment staff: A set of cross-lagged models predicting efficacy beliefs and familiarity with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder.

Background And Objectives: Despite high rates of individuals with opioid use disorder, community correctional agencies underutilize medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Knowledge about the mechanisms which motivate correctional employees to refer buprenorphine remains underdeveloped, and differences in these patterns by employee status are unknown. This study has two objectives: (1) investigate the presence of a reciprocal relationship between familiarity with buprenorphine and efficacy beliefs among community corrections and community treatment staff and (2) identify whether this relationship differs by staff status in referral intentions.

Substance Use and Violence Victimization Among Women: A Review of Relevant Literature.

A review of the recent scientific literature on the relationship between substance use and violence victimization among women in the United States is presented. Systematic review methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. In total, 15 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria.

Blood Lactate Levels And Lactate Clearance As Predictors Of Mortality In Neonatal Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Aim of the study is Neonatal sepsis refers to infection involving the blood stream in neonates. It is major health problem causing neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries.

Perception of Resource Allocations to Address the Opioid Epidemic.

Objectives: Despite billions of dollars spent on opioid policy initiatives, public knowledge of evidence-based policies to reduce opioid-related morbidity remain low. Consequences of this knowledge gap for support of initiatives remains understudied. Our objective was to evaluate how participants with and without lived experience allocate funding for initiatives to address the opioid epidemic.

Prevalence and correlates of incarceration following emergency medical services response to overdose.

Background: To describe the prevalence of incarceration among survivors of non-fatal overdose addressed through an emergency medical services (EMS) response, and compare incarceration by whether the emergency was for opioid-involved or stimulant-involved overdose.

Methods: Administrative records on 192,113 EMS incidents and 70,409 jail booking events occurring between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 in Indianapolis, Indiana were record-linked at the event level. Incarceration taking place within 6-hours of an EMS incident was associated with that incident.

Knowledge attitudes and readiness of nursing students in assessing peoples' sexual health problems.

Background: Sexual health is an important part of human physical health. Sexual wellbeing is a condition of physical, emotional, mental, and social ease concerning sexuality. Therefore, all health care professionals should respect, protect, and fulfil the sexual-health needs of a person.