A Recurrent Stress Fracture of the Humerus following Fixation: The Effect of Implant Stress Shielding.

Introduction: Non-traumatic stress fractures of the humerus are often related to a throwing motion. This type of humeral fracture is often due to uncoordinated muscular activity on the humeral shaft. These forces over time may contribute to mid-shaft humeral stress fractures, an injury often referred to as a "throwers fracture.

Corrosion and Tribology of Materials Used in a Novel Reverse Hip Replacement.

Total hip arthroplasty has been utilized for the past 50 years as an effective treatment for degenerative, inflammatory and traumatic disorders of the hip. The design of these implants has generally followed the anatomy of the hip as a ball and socket joint with the femoral head representing the ball and the acetabulum representing the socket. We describe a novel hip arthroplasty design in which the "ball" is located on the acetabular side and the "socket" is located on the femoral side.

Biomechanics of Fractures.

Background: This video presents the digitized, original, reel-to-reel footage of Victor Frankel's groundbreaking 1960s experiments demonstrating the viscoelastic properties and fracture mechanics of loaded bone. As can be seen, novel instrumentation was used that resulted in an easily reproducible method of controlling bone loading rates. The innovation, and associated experiments, radically advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of acute fractures and bone's response to energy.

Host preference of an introduced 'generalist' parasite for a non-native host.

Parasites can invade new ecosystems if they are introduced with their native hosts or if they successfully infect and colonise new hosts upon arrival. Here, we ask to what extent an introduced parasite demonstrates specialisation among novel host species. Infection surveys across three field sites in Gatun Lake, Panama, revealed that the invasive peacock bass, Cichla monoculus, was more commonly infected by the introduced trematode parasite Centrocestus formosanus than were three other common cichlid fishes.

Effects of aging on Type II muscle fibers: a systematic review of the literature.

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for scientific articles in selected databases to determine the effects of aging on Type II muscle fibers in human skeletal muscles. They found that aging of Type II muscle fibers is primarily associated with a loss of fibers and a decrease in fiber size. Morphological changes with increasing age particularly included Type II fiber grouping.

Calf muscle pump stimulation as an adjunct to orthopaedic surgery.

Management of patients following extensive orthopaedic surgery, and in particular, joint replacement surgery, represents a continuing challenge. The associated bed rest burdens a broad range of physiologic functions, exacerbating vascular, venous, and lymphatic conditions, as well as cardiovascular conditions and glucose regulation in the hyperglycemic or diabetic patient. Most of these problems arise from a lack of mobility/exercise during recuperation.

Development and testing of a novel biosynthesized XCell for treating chronic wounds.

Biosynthesized cellulose is produced by the bacteria, Acetobacter xylinum, and possesses unique properties not present in other biomaterials. The material is formed during fermentation having a multi-layered structure composed of fine, nonwoven, cellulose hydrophilic fibers. This structure allows biosynthesized cellulose to have a high-fluid capacity, superior strength, and biocompatibility, which makes it suitable for topical and implantable biomedical applications.

Management of non-union with pulsed low-intensity ultrasound therapy--international results.

In prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical studies, pulsed, low-intensity ultrasound has been proven to be effective in decreasing the time to heal in both fresh diaphyseal (tibia) and metaphyseal (distal radius) fractures. It also decreases the likelihood of a delayed union (>150 days to heal) in tibia fractures and loss of reduction in distal radius fractures. World-wide clinical studies, using pulsed, low-intensity ultrasound for treatment of non-union in a self-paired control study design, have demonstrated a heal rate of 88% with an average treatment time of 4.