The Association of Urolithiasis with Uricosuria, Uricemia and their Combination.

Background: There are conflicting data on the significance of hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria in urolithiasis formation and on the need for medical treatment.

Objectives: To assess the significance of hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria in urolithiasis formation, particularly when hyperuricemia occurs with normal uricosuria.

Methods: The electronic medical records of patients treated in Haifa and the Western Galilee district of Clalit Health Services, Israel, were retrospectively screened for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis or renal or urinary tract/bladder calculi between February 2014 and April 2019.

The ideal position of the peritoneal dialysis catheter is not always ideal.

Purpose: Peritoneal catheter dysfunction is a frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Traditionally, dysfunction has been attributed to catheter malposition, but whether the location of the catheter tip in the small pelvis really determines proper function is unclear.

Methods: We reviewed 900 abdominal X-ray images of PD patients from a 7-year period in two PD units that use different catheter types (straight and Swan Neck Curled).

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in a triphasic rat model of adenine-induced kidney injury.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether NGAL, given its advantages over traditional biomarkers, can be used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the renal tubulointerstitial insult caused by adenine. Subsequently, it will be possible to assess NGAL as a biomarker of any acute kidney injury, on top of chronic interstitial disease, if NGAL levels are stable through the chronic phase of our adenine model. Study group rats were fed an adenine diet, and control group rats were fed a regular diet only.

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition attenuates early renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury: assessment by quantitative measurement of urinary NGAL and KIM-1.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem that still lacks effective treatment. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors possess anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties, making it a promising therapy for ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of various organs. The present study evaluated the early nephroprotective effects of Tadalafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, in an experimental model of renal I/R.

Urinary NGAL and KIM-1: biomarkers for assessment of acute ischemic kidney injury following nephron sparing surgery.

Purpose: Nephron sparing surgery is considered the treatment of choice in most patients with confined renal cancer. Interrupting renal blood flow is often necessary during such surgery, which can induce significant renal injury. We explored the possibility of using urinary NGAL and KIM-1 excretion as novel biomarkers to assess the extent of acute kidney injury after nephron sparing surgery.

Acute effects of peritoneal dialysis solutions in the mesenteric microcirculation.

Long-term peritoneal dialysis induces morphological changes that may lead to gradual functional impairment of the peritoneal membrane. These changes are characterized by progressive reduction in solute transport or ultrafiltration failure. The mechanism of the peritoneal response to dialysis fluids has not yet been fully elucidated.

Peritoneal transport after long-term exposure to Icodextrin in rats.

Background: Icodextrin, an effective osmotic substance that has been proposed as an alternative agent for peritoneal dialysis induces ultrafiltration over long dwells. This study examines the peritoneal transport after exposure to Icodextrin in rats.

Methods: Animals were divided in 4 groups and injected daily for 30 days with Icodextrin 7.