The state of wellbeing education across North American medical schools: a scoping review.

Background/objective: Medical students experience increased rates of burnout and mental illness compared to the general population. Yet, it is unclear to what extent North American medical schools have adopted formal wellbeing curricula. We sought to establish prevailing themes of existing wellbeing educational interventions to identify opportunities for further curricular development.

Serendipitous Pathways and Elusive Definitions: Leadership in Continuing Professional Development.

Introduction: Although the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) field has rapidly expanded in scope, breadth, and depth, there is a gap in how we understand CPD leadership and the role of the leader. Previous scholarship indicates that there is neither an agreed on set of competencies for CPD leadership roles nor a distinct pathway towards those roles. This study is aimed at answering the following question: How is leadership described or defined in CPD and what are the contextual issues that are and/or should be shaping its evolution?

Methods: Conducted between 2020 and 2022, CPD leadership program learners and CPD leaders with a range of leadership expertise were identified using convenience and purposive sampling and invited to participate in this study.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram ordering, adherence to decision rules and yield in the emergency department: An observational study.

Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) frequently requires diagnosis through CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). Appropriate application of evidence-based clinical decision tools can reduce unnecessary CTPAs. This study assessed adherence to and the efficacy of various aspects of the Queensland Health suspected PE diagnostic pathway, including Wells score, PE rule out criteria (PERC) and age-adjusted D-dimer interpretation.

Design thinking sprints as a facilitation process to enact change in the residency match process and beyond.

Implication Statement: Enacting change in medical education requires effective facilitation processes. Medical education lags behind other fields in systems innovation and radically disruptive approaches to the challenges we encounter. Design thinking "sprints," widely used in many other settings, serve as an opportunity to fill the gap as a facilitation process during periods requiring extensive and/or rapid change.

Exploring the lived experience of patients and families who speak language other than English (LOE) for healthcare: developing a qualitative study.

Background: Patients who use Languages other than English (LOE) for healthcare communication in an English-dominant region are at increased risk for experiencing adverse events and worse health outcomes in healthcare settings, including in pediatric hospitals. Despite the knowledge that individuals who speak LOE have worse health outcomes, they are often excluded from research studies on the basis of language and there is a paucity of data on ways to address these known disparities. Our work aims to address this gap by generating knowledge to improve health outcomes for children with illness and their families with LEP.

Measuring wellbeing: A scoping review of metrics and studies measuring medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints.

Purpose: Studies have demonstrated poor mental health in medical students. However, there is wide variation in study design and metric use, impairing comparability. The authors aimed to examine the metrics and methods used to measure medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints and identify where guidance is necessary.

Elements and Definitions of Continuing Professional Development Leadership: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Leaders are being asked to transform the way that continuing professional development (CPD) is delivered to focus on better, safer, and higher quality care. However, there is scarce literature on CPD leadership. We set out to study what CPD leadership means and describe the competencies required for CPD leadership.

Improving health outcomes for patients and families with preferred language other than English or French (PLOEF).

Equitable care considers the unique needs of an individual-including social determinants of health such as language, race, and gender. Health equity and providing equitable care are considered fundamental to medicine, however, in practice there continues to be significant gaps to providing equitable care. There is a growing body of research on health care disparities, such as research on patients and families who have a preferred language other than English or French (PLOEF), who have worse health outcomes.

All of Residency's a Stage: Fostering Authenticity and Individuality Among Learners.

Understanding the process of professional identity formation, and its susceptibility to the hidden curriculum, is of increasing importance in medical education. Through a lens of performance, this commentary explores the impact of the culture, the hidden curriculum, and the socialization process of the medical training environment on the professional identity formation of learners. We emphasize the need to train physicians with diverse interests and skills, capable of creative problem solving in response to the rapidly evolving challenges facing the profession and society more broadly.

Learning by doing: A phenomenological study of medical student leaders.

Introduction: Despite being recognised as a key physician competency, leadership development is an area of improvement especially in undergraduate medical education. We sought to explore the lived experience of leaders who served in elected, representative roles during their time in medical school.

Methods: We used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to uncover the essence of the medical student leader experience.

Fostering a Health-Promoting Learning Environment in Medical Education: Adapting the Okanagan Charter for Administrators and Medical Educators.

Medical students enter medical school with similar or even better well-being than their age-matched peers in other educational programs, but there is predictable erosion of their well-being following matriculation. Interventions to counter this erosion predominantly focus on the individual level; however, significant systemic issues persist that thwart meaningful change. Effectively reforming the learning environment and more broadly targeting problematic aspects of the culture of medical education are essential steps to advance efforts to improve medical learner well-being.

The 4C's of influence framework: fostering leadership development through character, competence, connection and culture.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the 4C's of Infuence framework and it's application to medicine and medical education. Leadership development is increasingly recognised as an integral physician skill. Competence, character, connection and culture are critical for effective influence and leadership.

To lead or to influence?

One skill set identified within the CanMEDS Framework (CanMEDS) as essential to training future physicians is the role. Arguably however, the term carries certain connotations that are inconsistent with the abilities outlined by CanMEDS as necessary for physicians. For example, the term may connote hierarchical authority and formalized responsibilities, while de-emphasising informal day-to-day influencing.

Six ways to get a grip by calling-out racism and enacting allyship in medical education.

Actively addressing racism in our faculties of medicine is needed now, more than ever. One way to do this is through allyship, the practice of unlearning and re-evaluating, in which a person in a position of privilege and power seeks to operate in solidarity with a traditionally marginalized group. In this paper, we provide practical tips on how to practice allyship, giving educators and leaders background understanding and important tools on how to actively promote equity and diversity.

Persistent Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children of Diabetic Mothers.

Background: Fetuses of diabetic mothers develop left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and are at increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. In our previous longitudinal study from midgestation to late infancy we showed persistence of LV hypertrophy and increased aortic stiffness compared with infants of healthy mothers, the latter of which correlated with third trimester maternal hemoglobin A1c. In the present study, we reexamined the same cohort in early childhood to determine if these cardiovascular abnormalities persisted.

Medical education advances and innovations: A silver lining during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare processes substantially including medical education, necessitating several changes along the spectrum of medical training. While this crisis presents major challenges to medical education, it is also an immense opportunity for innovation. In this commentary, Canadian medical students cast a spotlight on four domains of Canadian medical education which have seen substantial changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: medical school admissions, pre-clerkship content delivery, virtual care and telemedicine curricula, and the residency matching process.

Intrauterine exposure to chronic hypoxia in the rat leads to progressive diastolic function and increased aortic stiffness from early postnatal developmental stages.

Aim: We sought to explore whether fetal hypoxia exposure, an insult of placental insufficiency, is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and increased aortic stiffness at early postnatal ages.

Methods: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions (11.5% FiO ) from embryonic day E15-21 or normoxic conditions (controls).

Fluorescent Hexose Conjugates Establish Stringent Stereochemical Requirement by GLUT5 for Recognition and Transport of Monosaccharides.

The specificity characteristics of transporters can be exploited for the development of novel diagnostic therapeutic probes. The facilitated hexose transporter family (GLUTs) has a distinct set of preferences for monosaccharide substrates, and while some are expressed ubiquitously (e.g.