Composition and distribution of the near-shore waters bordering the coral reefs of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao in the Southern Caribbean.

This study aimed to identify ocean- and land-based sources of nutrients to the coral reef communities surrounding the Southern Caribbean islands Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (ABC islands). The composition of water masses around these islands were assessed to depths up to 300 m and three distinct overlying water masses were identified, separated by mixing zones. A fluctuating pycnocline separating surface from deeper (>∼50 m) water indicated the presence of internal waves.

Thermal regime of warm-dry permafrost in relation to ground surface temperature in the Source Areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, SW China.

Ecology, hydrology, and natural resources in the source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers (SAYYR) are closely linked to interactions between climate and permafrost. However, a comprehensive study of the interactions is currently hampered by sparsely- and unevenly-distributed monitoring sites and limited field investigations. In this study, the thermal regime of warm-dry permafrost in the SAYYR was systematically analyzed based on extensive data collected during 2010-2016 of air temperature (T), ground surface temperature (GST) and ground temperature across a range of areas with contrasting land-surface characteristics.

Sulfuric acid Speleogenesis associated with a glacially driven groundwater system-paleo-spring "pipes" at Borup Fiord Pass, Nunavut.

Gypsum filled "pipe" features were discovered in the proglacial area of the Borup Fiord Pass supraglacial sulfur spring. Stable isotope data suggest that gypsum is formed through oxidation of sulfides and are consistent with models of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. These results suggest that gypsum pipes are paleo-spring discharge channels analogous to those that feed the modern sulfur spring at Borup Fiord.

Uncertainty in 1D heat-flow analysis to estimate groundwater discharge to a stream.

Temperature measurements have been used by a variety of researchers to gain insight into groundwater discharge patterns. However, much of this research has reduced the problem to heat and fluid flow in one dimension for ease of analysis. This approach is seemingly at odds with the goal of determining spatial variability in specific discharge, which implies that the temperature field will vary in more than one dimension.