Geographical variations, prevalence, and molecular dynamics of fastidious phloem-limited pathogens infecting sugar beet across Central Europe.

In Europe, two fastidious phloem-limited pathogens, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (16SrXII-A) and 'Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus', are associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) and syndrome basses richesses (SBR) of sugar beet, respectively. Both diseases can significantly reduce yield, especially when accompanied by root rot fungi. This study investigates the presence, geographic distribution and genetic traits of fastidious pathogens and the accompanying fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, found on sugar beet across four geographically separated plains spanning seven countries in Central Europe.

Functional neurological disorder: a comparative analysis of experience of Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists.

Aim Of Study: We aimed to compare knowledge, opinions, and clinical experiences among Czech, Slovak, and Italian neurologists to identify potential educational gaps and unify understanding.

Clinical Rationale For Study: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling condition characterised by motor, sensory, or cognitive symptoms which are incompatible with other neurological disorders. Novel diagnostic and treatment approaches have improved FND management.

Increased glucosylsphingosine levels and Gaucher disease in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Gaucher's disease (GD) is caused by biallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene, leading to reduced glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity and substrate (glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, GlcSph) accumulation. GBA1 variant carriers are at risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but only those with biallelic mutations cross the threshold of GCase reduction, leading to substrate accumulation and GD. The link between GBA1 mutations, GD and PD is not fully understood.

Effects of upper limb vibratory stimulation training on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: an observational study.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Tremor is one of the motor symptoms that can affect manual skills and have an impact on daily activities. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of upper limb training provided by a specific vibratory device (Armshake®, Move It GmbH - Bochum, Germany) on tremor and motor functionality in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Functional Movement Disorder: Assessment and Treatment.

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common, potentially reversible source of disability in neurology. Over the last two decades, there have been major advances in our understanding of the clinical picture, diagnosis, and management of this condition. Motor presentation is heterogeneous and several non-motor symptoms (e.

A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ' Phytoplasma solani' infection of sugar beet facilitated root rot.

' Phytoplasma solani' (stolbur phytoplasma) is associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) of sugar beet ( L.), while is considered the most important root rot pathogen of this plant in Serbia. The high prevalence of .

Treatment of Dystonic Tremor of the Upper Limbs: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Tremor is part of the phenomenological spectrum of dystonia. Treatments available for tremor in dystonia are oral medications (OM), botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), and brain surgery (deep brain stimulation or thalamotomy). There is limited knowledge regarding the outcome of different treatment options, and evidence is especially scarce for the tremor of the upper limbs occurring in people with dystonia.

Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: An Observational Study.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and cognitive deficits that usually have an impact on quality of life and independence. To reduce impairment, various rehabilitation programs have been proposed, but their effects on both cognitive and motor aspects have not been systematically investigated. Furthermore, most intervention is focused on lower limb treatment rather than upper limbs.

Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry.

Introduction: Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analysis of clinical data has been proposed as an analytic method to obtain non-hierarchical unbiased classifications. The study aimed to identify clinical subtypes of combined FMDs using a data-driven approach to overcome possible limits related to "a priori" classifications and clinical overlapping.

The impact of recurrent Covid-19 waves on patients with Functional Movement Disorders: A follow-up study.

Background: Functional Movement Disorders (FMDs) might exacerbate in stressful conditions. As the global health emergency due to Covid-19 rise and multiple waves hit the Italian population, the recurrent severe restrictions' periods imposed could represent important triggers and worsen the symptoms of FMDs. Through a follow-up study, we compare results on Motor Symptoms (MS), Non-Motor Symptoms (NMS), and Global Health Status (GHS) of two surveys, one referred to the first Covid-19 wave and the other to the third Covid-19 wave.

Incidence, Speciation, and Morpho-Genetic Diversity of spp. Causing Blue Mold of Stored Pome Fruits in Serbia.

Blue mold, caused by spp., is one of the most economically important postharvest diseases of pome fruits, globally. Pome fruits, in particular apple, is the most widely grown pome fruit in Serbia, and the distribution of spp.

Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Species Associated with Postharvest Apple Fruit Decay in Serbia.

Family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus (family Diaporthaceae) represent diverse groups of plant pathogens, which include causal agents of leaf spot, shoot blight, branch and stem cankers, dieback, and pre- and postharvest apple fruit decay. Apple fruit with symptoms of light to dark brown decay were collected during and after harvest from 2016 to 2018. Thirty selected isolates, on which pathogenicity was confirmed, were identified and characterized based on multilocus phylogeny and morphology.

Evidence that Neuromuscular Fatigue Is not a Dogma in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: Given the increased level of fatigue frequently reported by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), this study investigated the interaction between central and peripheral components of neuromuscular fatigue (NF) in this population compared with healthy peers.

Methods: Changes in maximal voluntary activation (ΔVA, central fatigue) and potentiated twitch force (ΔQtw,pot, peripheral fatigue) pre-post exercise were determined via the interpolated twitch technique in 10 patients with PD and 10 healthy controls (CTRL) matched for age, sex, and physical activity. Pulmonary gas exchange, femoral blood flow, and quadriceps EMG were measured during a fatiguing exercise (85% of peak power output [PPO]).

Gaps in Functional Motor Disorders care in two European countries: time to address shared terminology, medico-legal barriers and public investments.

Background And Purpose: Functional motor disorders (FMDs) are frequent and highly disabling conditions. Despite the substantial advances in FMDs diagnosis, mechanisms and treatments, their tangible application to care of patients with FMDs is yet to be established. We aimed to identify the main real-life gaps and barriers in FMDs care, faced by both patients and physicians, in two different European countries, Italy and Czechia.

Changes in Corticospinal Circuits During Premovement Facilitation in Physiological Conditions.

Changes in corticospinal excitability have been well documented in the preparatory period before movement, however, their mechanisms and physiological role have not been entirely elucidated. We aimed to investigate the functional changes of excitatory corticospinal circuits during a reaction time (RT) motor task (thumb abduction) in healthy subjects (HS). 26 HS received single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1).

Fatigue in hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and functional movement disorders.

The emerging science of fatigue has soundly endorsed the need for its unified definition, shared terminology and increased recognition in neurological illnesses. Nevertheless, the real impact of fatigue remains under-recognized. Fatigue describes a sense of tiredness, lack of energy or need for increased effort often perceived as overwhelming, pervasive, and disabling.

Motor and non-motor outcomes after a rehabilitation program for patients with Functional Motor Disorders: A prospective, observational cohort study.

Background: Rehabilitation has proven effective in improving motor symptoms (i.e., weakness, tremor, gait and balance disorders) in patients with Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs).

The key role of physical activity against the neuromuscular deterioration in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aim: Decreased muscle strength has been frequently observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, this condition is still poorly examined in physically active patients. This study compared quadriceps (Q) maximal force and the contribution of central and peripheral components of force production during a maximal isometric task between physically active PD and healthy individuals.

Sensitivity of strains from edible mushrooms to the fungicides prochloraz and metrafenone.

Twenty-two strains of spp. ( species complex [THSC], f. and ) causing green mold disease on edible mushrooms (button mushroom, shiitake and oyster mushroom), collected during 2004-2018 from four countries (Serbia, North Macedonia, Croatia, and Hungary) were examined.