Addressing missing outcome data in randomised controlled trials: A methodological scoping review.

Background: Missing outcome data is common in trials, and robust methods to address this are needed. Most trial reports currently use methods applicable under a missing completely at random assumption (MCAR), although this strong assumption can often be inappropriate.

Objective: To identify and summarise current literature on the analytical methods for handling missing outcome data in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), emphasising methods appropriate for data missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR).

A Descriptive Analysis of Transitions from Smoking to Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Use: A Daily Diary Investigation.

Objectives: We aimed to examine patterns in smoking and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use over an extended period of time (up to 20 weeks) in people who smoked and who had never previously made a successful quit attempt using an ENDS.

Design And Setting: We conducted a longitudinal mixed-methods study in Dunedin, New Zealand, during 2018 and 2019.

Participants: Purposively selected participants ( = 45; age (≥18 years), gender, ethnicities, cigarettes/day) who wished to quit smoking.