Analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block compared to intraoral conductive block of the inferior alveolar nerve after lower third molar alveolectomy: a clinical prospective study.

Background: The analgesia after lower third molar alveolectomy is based on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have significant risks, and are contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy. Aiming to reduce NSAIDs use after this surgery, we quantified analgesic effects of ultrasound (US)-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block.

Methods: Thirty-six patients were equally allocated to the experimental or control group, based on their willingness to receive experimental US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block for postoperative analgesia.

Anesthetic management for cesarean section in two parturient with ascending aortic aneurysm: a case-based discussion.

Background: The anesthetic management of parturients with ascending aortic aneurysm for cesarean section can be particularly challenging, primarily because of increased risk for aortic dissection or aneurysm rupture.

Case Presentation: We present some aspects of the anesthetic management of two parturients with ascending aortic aneurysm for cesarean sections; amongst, the use of remifentanil with its effects on patient and newborn. We emphasize the importance of a cardio-obstetric team in the context of preoperative planning of such patients.

First-year nursing students' attitudes towards artificial intelligence: Cross-sectional multi-center study.

Aim: To assess the attitudes of nursing students toward artificial intelligence.

Background: Possible applications of artificial intelligence-powered systems in nursing cover all aspects of nursing care, from patient care to risk management. Although the final acceptance of artificial intelligence in practice will depend on positive 'nurses' attitudes toward artificial intelligence, those attitudes have gained little attention so far.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Unmasked by Pregnancy: A Review of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes in Pregnancy.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal, direct communications between the branches of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins, but without pulmonary capillaries between them. During pregnancy, PAVMs can enlarge and become symptomatic, causing even serious complications like haematothorax. To recognize the PAVM that becomes symptomatic in pregnancy, one must be able to distinguish the patient's symptoms caused by developing complications of PAVM, as in the case we present, from physiological changes accompanying a healthy pregnancy, including their degree in relation to the stage of pregnancy.

Combination of the T7 Unilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block and T10 Bilateral Retrolaminar Blocks in a Patient with Multiple Rib Fractures on the Right and T10-12 Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Case Report.

Multiple vertebral compression and rib fractures in elderly patients with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common scenario associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe pain prevents normal ventilation and leads to atelectasis, consolidation, and pneumonia. Subsequently, these patients frequently develop respiratory failure and require intubation and critical care.

Rare Case of Multiple Perirenal, Extra-Adrenal Myelolipoma: Case Report, Current Management Options, and Literature Review.

Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are rare, asymptomatic entities, although large tumors may cause local symptoms or hemorrhage. When these lesions occur outside the adrenals in the retroperitoneum, they are radiographically easily confused with both primary and secondary retroperitoneal tumors, which tend to be aggressive. Although myelolipomas are benign and can be managed conservatively, if malignancy is suspected, a surgical procedure is an option.

Physiologically Difficult Airway in the Patient with Severe Hypotension and Metabolic Acidosis.

The expertise to recognize and manage the difficult airway is essential in anesthesiology. Conventionally, this refers to anatomical concerns causing difficulties with facemask ventilation and/or with tracheal intubation. Severe derangements in patients' physiology can make induction and intubation likewise difficult, and approximately 30% of critically ill patients had cardiovascular collapse subsequently to intubation.

How does stellate ganglion block alleviate immunologically-linked disorders?

Background: The stellate ganglion is an autonomic nervous ganglion, formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion, which is present in about 80% of people. It is anterior to the neck of the first rib and contains neurons that supply sympathetic innervation to the head and neck. Injection of local anesthetics near the stellate ganglion (stellate ganglion block; SGB) has been used for multiple clinical indications including sympathetic-mediated pain and vascular insufficiency syndromes of the upper extremity.

Massive Upper Body and Cervicofacial Subcutaneous Emphysema Following Robotic Myomectomy.

Subcutaneous emphysema is defined as the unintentional introduction of air or carbon dioxide in the subcutaneous tissues. The use of robotic surgical techniques has greatly expanded over the past decade specifically to treat intraperitoneal pathology. In general, advantages of these minimally invasive procedures are reported to decrease operating time, patient morbidity, and shorten hospital stay providing a safe alternative to traditional surgery.

Anesthetic Management of Jael Syndrome With Impacted Blade in Close Proximity to the Internal Carotid Artery: A Case Report.

A patient presented with a stab injury caused by a knife penetrating the orbital floor and maxillary sinus along the skull base with the tip situated adjacent to the left internal carotid artery. A flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope loaded with an endotracheal tube was initially positioned superior to the vocal cords and advanced into the trachea immediately following induction. The blade was removed after occluding endovascular balloons were positioned distal and proximal to the potential internal carotid artery injury site.

Hemostasis and obliteration of mandibular arteriovenous malformation through direct hydroxyapatite cement injection into the molar cavity.

A mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) presented with massive molar socket bleeding and was emergently treated by tooth extraction and partial resection of the surrounding alveolar bone. To achieve hemostasis, the resultant cavity was filled with hydroxyapatite bone cement. Not only was hemostasis and alveolar reconstruction achieved, but follow-up angiography demonstrated venous outlet occlusion and retrograde AVM thrombosis requiring no further treatment.

Role of perfusion imaging in differentiating multifocal vasospasm-related ischemia versus thromboembolic stroke in a setting of cocaine abuse.

Cerebrovascular complications related to cocaine abuse are reaching epidemic proportions. Contemporary treatments for acute stroke have made it essential to gather all possible diagnostic information before proceeding with intervention. We describe a cocaine abuser who presented with acute right sided neurological deficits and deteriorating mental status.

Concurrent Chiari decompression and spinal cord untethering in children: feasibility in a small case series.

Background And Purpose: We describe the rationale and safety of concurrent decompression of Chiari type 1 malformation (CM1) and untethering of the spinal cord. Spinal cord traction is considered one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of CM, and 14% of patients with CM1 have tethered cord syndrome (Milhorat et al., Surg Neurol 7:20-35, 2009; Roth, Neuroradiology 21:133-138, 1981; Royo-Salvador, Rev Neurol 24:937-959, 1996; Royo-Salvador et al.

Timely recognition of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation in a child based on occipital condyle-C1 interval analysis: excellent neurological recovery.

A case of atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is presented to illustrate the importance of subtle imaging findings and the occipital condyle-C1 interval (CCI) measurement in the evaluation of high cervical spine injury. Although AOD is commonly considered to be fatal, recently there have been an increasing number of reports of children surviving this injury. Prompt recognition and treatment of AOD are crucial for survival.

Prenatal exposure to ultrasound waves impacts neuronal migration in mice.

Neurons of the cerebral neocortex in mammals, including humans, are generated during fetal life in the proliferative zones and then migrate to their final destinations by following an inside-to-outside sequence. The present study examined the effect of ultrasound waves (USW) on neuronal position within the embryonic cerebral cortex in mice. We used a single BrdU injection to label neurons generated at embryonic day 16 and destined for the superficial cortical layers.

Citation and quotation accuracy in three anatomy journals.

Citation and quotation errors are common in medical journals. We assessed the prevalence of those errors in gross anatomy journals, where articles often cite old anatomical studies. The study included 199 randomly selected references from articles published in the first 2001 issue of three major gross anatomy journals: Annals of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy, and Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.

Early serotonergic projections to Cajal-Retzius cells: relevance for cortical development.

Although the serotonergic system plays an important role in various neurological disorders, the role of early serotonergic projections to the developing cerebral cortex is not well understood. Because serotonergic fibers enter the marginal zone (MZ) before birth, it has been suggested that they may influence cortical development through synaptic contacts with Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells. We used immunohistochemistry combined with confocal and electron microscopy to show that the earliest serotonergic projections to the MZ form synaptic contacts with the somata and proximal dendrites of CR cells as early as embryonic day 17.