Rice husk and lemongrass-derived eco-enzymes as potential food contact surface disinfectants against biofilm-forming foodborne pathogens.

This study aims to evaluate the rice husk (EE-R) and lemongrass (EE-L) derived-eco-enzymes (EE) as alternatives to chemical-based disinfectants. The EE-R and EE-L's antimicrobial activity were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus using a broth microdilution method. The antibiofilm activities of EE were determined using crystal violet staining.

Identification methods as a factor affecting the performance of clinical microbiology laboratories participating in an external quality assessment program: a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis.

Laboratory participation in external quality assessment (EQA) programmes including proficiency testing (PT) is a requirement of clinical laboratory conformance to ISO 15189:2022 . PT is one EQA method whereby laboratories are sent blinded samples for characterization by routine laboratory diagnostic methods. Importantly, PT enables a laboratory's performance to be evaluated in comparison to the standard reference methods and to the performance of other peer laboratories using similar diagnostic methods.

Echinacea Reduces Antibiotics by Preventing Respiratory Infections: A Meta-Analysis (ERA-PRIMA).

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions, primarily due to the risk for secondary bacterial infections. In this study, we examined whether could reduce the need for antibiotics by preventing RTIs and their complications, and subsequently investigated its safety profile. A comprehensive search of EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane DARE and clinicaltrials.

Ensuring diagnostic testing accuracy for patient care and public health- COVID-19 testing scale-up from an EQA provider's perspective.

In response to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and scale up of diagnostic testing, the Canadian Microbiology Proficiency Testing program created a new proficiency testing (PT) program for the molecular and antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2. The program was geared to point of care testing (POCT) sites located in each of the eight provincial Health Authorities across British Columbia, Canada, with the intention to monitor testing quality. The PT program consisted of 6 shipments in a year, each containing a set of 4 samples either positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus or negative.

Pregnancy outcomes in the medical management of glaucoma: An international multicenter descriptive survey.

Purpose: To determine if glaucoma medications are associated with pregnancy and/or postnatal complications.

Methods: Multicenter descriptive survey. Subjects were female patients 18-45 years who were previously pregnant with a diagnosis of glaucoma or ocular hypertension prior to pregnancy.

Vortex fluidic high shear induced crystallisation of fullerene C into nanotubules.

Hollow C nanotubules are formed under high shear within the thin film of a vortex fluidic device (VFD) without the need for using auxiliary reagents, high temperatures and pressures, and/or requiring downstream processing. This novel bottom-up crystallisation process involves intense micro mixing of two liquids (toluene solution of C and anti-solvent, isopropyl alcohol) within a thin film in the VFD to precisely control the hierarchical assembly of C molecules into hollow nanotubules. The mechanism of self-assembly was consistent with them being a mould of the high shear double helical topological flow from Faraday waves coupled with Coriolis forces generated within the thin film.

Printable Hydrogel Arrays for Portable and High-Throughput Shear-Mediated Assays.

Hydrogels have been widely used to entrap biomolecules for various biocatalytic reactions. However, solute diffusion in these matrices to initiate such reactions can be a very slow process. Conventional mixing remains a challenge as it can cause irreversible distortion or fragmentation of the hydrogel itself.

High Shear Thin Film Synthesis of Partially Oxidized Gallium and Indium Composite 2D Sheets.

Reducing resistance in silicon-based devices is important as they get miniaturized further. 2D materials offer an opportunity to increase conductivity whilst reducing size. A scalable, environmentally benign method is developed for preparing partially oxidized gallium/indium sheets down to 10 nm thick from a eutectic melt of the two metals.

The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi.

This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi ( and ) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells.

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK3β) blocks nucleocapsid phosphorylation and SARS-CoV-2 replication.

GSK3β has been proposed to have an essential role in Coronaviridae infections. Screening of a targeted library of GSK3β inhibitors against both SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E to identify broad-spectrum anti-Coronaviridae inhibitors resulted in the identification of a high proportion of active compounds with low toxicity to host cells. A selected lead compound, T-1686568, showed low micromolar, dose-dependent activity against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E.

Outcomes of bleb needling in primary glaucoma: A prospective interventional study in a South Indian population.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the outcomes of bleb needling for the treatment of failure of filtration surgeries in primary glaucoma with a follow-up of six months.

Methods: This prospective interventional study included patients with primary glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery with failed or failing bleb after six weeks of surgery and less than two years. A comprehensive examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, gonioscopy, slit-lamp examination, and bleb morphology grading was done.

Broad Antiviral Effects of against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Potential Mechanism of Action.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) represent an alarming threat as they show altered biological behavior and may escape vaccination effectiveness. Broad-spectrum antivirals could play an important role to control infections. The activity of (Echinaforce extract, EF) against (i) VOCs B1.

Adherence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant to a surgical mask and N95 respirators.

The use of facial protection has been adopted globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We dissected four respirators and one surgical mask into layers to determine whether or not the virus adheres to them. These individual layers were contaminated with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, and its release by vortexing was performed.

Docking studies and thiourea-mediated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets' larvicidal efficacy against Culexquinquefasciatus.

The larvicidalproperty of graphene oxide (GO) and thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO)was assessed against Culexquinquefasciatuslarvae. A simple water-soluble material synthesis method was used. The transformation of graphene into graphene oxide was accomplished in a single step.

The Anticancer Efficacy of Thiourea-Mediated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets against Human Colon Cancer Cells (HT-29).

The current research focuses on the fabrication of water-soluble, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) employing thiourea (T) using a simple cost-effective method, and subsequently examining its anticancer characteristics. The cytotoxicity caused by graphene oxide (GO) and T-rGO is investigated in detail. Biological results reveal a concentration-dependent toxicity of GO and T-rGO in human colon cancer cells HT-29.

Continuous flow fabrication of green graphene oxide in aqueous hydrogen peroxide.

Highly processible graphene oxide (GO) has a diversity of applications as a material readily dispersed in aqueous media. However, methods for preparing such free-standing GO use hazardous and toxic reagents and generate significant waste streams. This is an impediment for uptake of GO in any application, for developing sustainable technologies and industries, and overcoming this remains a major challenge.

High shear exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium.

A diversity of two-dimensional nanomaterials has recently emerged with recent attention turning to the post-transition metal elements, in particular material derived from liquid metals and eutectic melts below 330 °C where processing is more flexible and in the temperature regime suitable for industry. This has been explored for liquid gallium using an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD) to fabricate ultrathin gallium oxide (GaO) sheets under continuous flow conditions. We have established the nanosheets to form highly insulating material and have electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, with a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec revealing promoting effects of the surface oxidation (passivation layer).

High shear spheroidal topological fluid flow induced coating of polystyrene beads with C spicules.

Spheroidal spicular like topological fluid flow in an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD) housing a 20 mm diameter tube with a hemispherical base rotating at 4k rpm and tilted at 45° is effective in reducing the thermodynamic equilibrium concentration of fullerene C60 in toluene, with the formation of spicules of the material under continuous flow processing. Under the same operational conditions in the presence of polystyrene beads 2 to 6 μm in diameter, spicules of C60ca. 150 nm in length grow on their surfaces.

Sub-micron moulding topological mass transport regimes in angled vortex fluidic flow.

Shear stress in dynamic thin films, as in vortex fluidics, can be harnessed for generating non-equilibrium conditions, but the nature of the fluid flow is not understood. A rapidly rotating inclined tube in the vortex fluidic device (VFD) imparts shear stress (mechanical energy) into a thin film of liquid, depending on the physical characteristics of the liquid and rotational speed, , tilt angle, , and diameter of the tube. Through understanding that the fluid exhibits resonance behaviours from the confining boundaries of the glass surface and the meniscus that determines the liquid film thickness, we have established specific topological mass transport regimes.

Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in a South Indian Population.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a South Indian population.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Children with PCG who underwent primary surgery from 1997 through 2000 at a tertiary eye center in India with minimum of 5 years of follow-up.

The Effectiveness of Intracameral Moxifloxacin Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis for Trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of intracameral moxifloxacin prophylaxis in reducing acute postoperative endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy and combined trabeculectomy plus cataract extraction.

Design: Retrospective clinical registry analysis.

Participants: Patients undergoing either trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy plus cataract extraction at Aravind Eye Hospitals (AEH) between 2009 and 2018 (inclusive).

Endocannabinoid modulating drugs improve anxiety but not the expression of conditioned fear in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder.

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a potential target for the treatment of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Similar to clinical PTSD, approximately 25-30% of rats that undergo cued fear conditioning exhibit impaired extinction learning. In addition to extinction-resistant fear, these "weak extinction" (WE) rats show persistent anxiety-like behaviors.

Understanding Barriers to Glaucoma Treatment Adherence among Participants in South India.

: Data on glaucoma treatment barriers in South India is limited; improved knowledge of barriers could advance disease self-management. We aimed to understand glaucoma treatment barriers in South India.: Glaucoma patients ≥18 taking ≥1 medication at the Aravind Eye Hospital were screened with a validated medication adherence tool.