Who tests for lead and why? A 10-year analysis of blood lead screening, follow-up and CNS outcomes in a statewide US healthcare system.

Objectives: This study aims to determine (1) which providers in US healthcare systems order lead tests, why and at what frequency and (2) whether current patient population lead levels are predictive of clinical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective medical record study of all blood lead tests in the Medical University of South Carolina healthcare system 2012-2016 and consequent evidence of central nervous system (CNS)-related disease across a potential 10-year window (2012-2022).

Results: Across 4 years, 9726 lead tests resulted for 7181 patients (49.

Using the 5C model to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy across a National and South Carolina sample.

Vaccine hesitancy is a serious threat to global health; however, significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy exists throughout the United States. The 5C model, which postulates five person-level determinants for vaccine hesitancy - confidence, complacency, constraints, risk calculation, and collective responsibility - provides one theoretical way of understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The present study examined the effects of these 5C drivers of vaccine behavior on early vaccine adoption and vaccine intentions above and beyond theoretically salient demographic characteristics and compared these associations across a National sample (n = 1634) and a statewide sample from South Carolina (n = 784) - a state with documented low levels of COVID-19 vaccination uptake.