Access to and utilisation of COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) among the general population in Phnom Penh: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Globally, there is a lack of evidence regarding access to and utilisation of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs). This might hinder public health interventions to increase testing. We conducted a survey to understand access to and utilisation of COVID-19 Ag-RDT among residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Leveraging HIV self-testing to achieve the UNAIDS 2025 targets in the South and Southeast Asia region.

Introduction: The South and Southeast Asia region has the second-highest number of people living with HIV globally. Despite progress in reducing HIV incidence and AIDS-related deaths, the region still has a long way to go in achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95-95 HIV testing, treatment and viral suppression targets. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional approach to HIV testing.

World Health Organization Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme, Cambodia, 2023.

To determine antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we analyzed phenotypes and genomes of 72 isolates collected in Cambodia in 2023. Of those, 9/72 (12.5%) were extensively drug resistant, a 3-fold increase from 2022.

Access to and utilization of COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) among people living with HIV (PLWH): A mixed methods study from Cambodia.

Several COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests have been approved in Cambodia, but no evidence exists about the access to and utilization of these tests. This limits public health interventions to increase testing, especially among vulnerable populations such as people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a mixed method study among PLWH in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, between July and August 2022 to understand their current Ag-RDT access and utilization levels, as well as key barriers and drivers.

High PrEP acceptability and need for tailored implementation in Cambodian key populations: results from a qualitative assessment.

The HIV epidemics in Cambodia is concentrated in key populations (KPs). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been officially approved in the country since 2019. However, its use may still be controversial after a PrEP clinical trial was interrupted in Cambodia after being deemed unethical in 2004.

Ending Tobacco Use Through Interactive Tailored Messaging for Cambodian People With HIV (Project EndIT): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The prevalence of smoking remains high in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including the Southeast Asian nation of Cambodia. Smoking is especially hazardous for people with HIV. In Cambodia, approximately 43%-65% of men with HIV and 3%-5% of women with HIV smoke cigarettes.

Using Relational Community Engagement within the Digital Health Intervention (DHI) to Improve Access and Retention among People Living with HIV (PLWH): Findings from a Mixed-Method Study in Cambodia.

We examined the impact of COVID-19-associated restrictive measures on the HIV care system in Cambodia through a complexity lens and aimed to use the findings to integrate social and relational processes into the design and implementation of proposed solutions that could support program outcomes during these times. Through a mixed-method design, we generated data on the strength of connection and quality of relationships between stakeholders and how this, in turn, provided a more holistic understanding of the challenges experienced during a pandemic. We interviewed 43 HIV care providers and 13 patients from eight HIV clinics and 13 policy-level stakeholders from relevant institutions involved in HIV care from April to May 2021.

Challenges and outcomes of implementing a national syphilis follow-up system for the elimination of congenital syphilis in Cambodia: a mixed-methods study.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the challenges and outcomes of implementing a national syphilis follow-up system to improve syphilis management in maternal and child health (MCH) services in Cambodia.

Design: Operational study; quantitative cohort data and cross sectional qualitative data.

Setting: Public health facilities at national level and in four provinces with high syphilis prevalence in Cambodia.

A Cross-Sectional Assessment of HIV Self-Testing Preferences and Uptake Among Key Populations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization, but implementation remains limited. This cross-sectional study evaluated HIVST uptake among female entertainment workers (EWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to inform national implementation.

Methods: Between December 2018 and September 2019, individuals reached through community outreach or via online advertising were offered HIVST or referrals to facility-based testing.

Access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV along HIV services cascade through integrated active case management in 15 operational districts in Cambodia.

Introduction: Following the introduction of option B+ in 2013, and with the perspective of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV by 2025, Cambodia has implemented an integrated active case management (IACM) approach since 2014 to improve the notification and follow-up of all HIV-infected cases including pregnant women, and to ensure access to and use of the full prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service package by HIV-infected pregnant women and their HIV-exposed infants. This study aimed to analyse PMTCT cascade data in 15 operational districts (ODs) implementing the IACM approach in Cambodia.

Methods: We analysed PMTCT cohort data from 15 ODs implementing IACM approach between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016.

Implementation and Operational Research: Scaling Up the Provision of the PMTCT Services, Using the Linked Response Approach in Cambodia From 2008 to 2012.

Introduction: In Cambodia, the Linked Response (LR) approach for strengthening linkages between HIV and reproductive health services, especially for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), was scaled up in 2009. This article describes the LR scale-up and the concomitant evolution of key PMTCT indicators at the national level.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of routine LR, PMTCT programme data, and national laboratory data from 2008 to 2012 was conducted.

The Linked Response: Lessons Emerging from Integration of HIV and Reproductive Health Services in Cambodia.

A qualitative assessment was made of service provider and user perceptions of the quality of integrated reproductive health services established through a pilot intervention in Cambodia. The intervention aimed to promote pregnant women's HIV testing and general utilization of reproductive health facilities as well as improve the follow-up of HIV-positive women and exposed infants through strengthened referral and operational linkages amongst health facilities/services and community-based support interventions for PLHIV. The study was conducted in one operational district where the intervention was piloted and for comparative purposes in a district where integrated services had yet to be implemented.

Linked response for prevention, care, and treatment of HIV/AIDS, STIs, and reproductive health issues: results after 18 months of implementation in five operational districts in Cambodia.

Objectives: To describe the implementation and results of the linked response (LR) in Cambodia after 18 months of follow-up.

Methods: The main objectives of the LR are to increase access to sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention, testing, care, and treatment and to strengthen existing reproductive health services through increased linkages within and between public health facilities and community-based services. The LR was piloted in Cambodia in 2008, in 2 demonstration projects, covering 5 operational districts.