Early ultrasound-guided drainage of tubo-ovarian abscesses versus conservative treatment: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objective: To compare the short and long-term benefits (the length of hospital stay, surgical complications, and early clinical improvement) of adding early ultrasound-guided drainage to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

Methodology: Patients undergoing tubo-ovarian abscess treatment between January 2017 and June 2022 in a tertiary hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Of the patients studied, 50 subjects were treated with antibiotics alone and 63 underwent guided drainage.

Bacteriological characteristics of primary breast abscesses in patients from the community in the era of microbial resistance.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiological profile and antimicrobial resistance in breast abscess cultures from patients from the community, treated at a public hospital located in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Methods: This is an retrospective cross-sectional study that evaluated the medical records of patients with bacterial isolates in breast abscess secretion cultures and their antibiograms, from January 2010 to August 2022.

Results: Based on 129 positive cultures from women from the community diagnosed with breast abscesses and treated at Fêmina Hospital, 99 (76.

Disseminated Neonatal Monkeypox Virus Infection: Case Report in Brazil.

We present here a case of a newborn presenting with a vesicular rash on the scalp and thorax on day 9 of life. Vesicular fluid polymerase chain reaction testing confirmed the presence of Mpox virus DNA. Similar reports in newborns are rare, and we suggest that Mpox infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a neonatal vesicular rash, particularly if there is a history of similar rashes in the family.

Surgical Site Infection after Cesarean Delivery in Times of COVID-19.

Objective:  To analyze effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of personal protective equipment and products (PPEP), as well as the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) among non-COVID-19 patients submitted to cesarean sections.

Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted in a maternity unity of a public teaching hospital which was not part of the reference service for COVID-19 treatment. It compared PPEP consumption and the occurrence of SSI after cesarean sections in monthly periods before and after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19 in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Case for diagnosis. Penile lesion in HIV-negative patient.

We present the case of an HIV-negative man with asymptomatic penile erythematoviolaceous papules associated with similar slightly verrucous papules in the interdigital space of the right foot. A biopsy of the penile lesion confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma. No other causes of immunosuppression were observed.

Alternative antimicrobials for prophylaxis of the Group B Streptococcus maternal-fetal disease.

Introduction: GBS colonization is an important risk factor for maternal and neonatal infection morbidity and mortality. Intrapartum antibiotics may prevent vertical transmission of GBS from colonized mothers to their babies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cefazolin prophylactic regimen for GBS disease, comparing it to the established penicillin-based protocols, given the opportunity provided by the temporary unavailability of first-choice antibiotics in Brazil.

The Use of Mobile Educational Tools to Improve Antimicrobial Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.

Objective:  To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods:  Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010-2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool.

Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Due to Chryseobacterium indologenes.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia represents one of the most common nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality and associated costs. The authors report the case of a neonatal patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia secondary to Chryseobacterium indologenes and a review of the literature. The most effective empiric treatment for C.

HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS COINFECTION. WHO IS THIS PATIENT TODAY?

Background: - The increase in the survival following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has seen the emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, renal and cardiovascular diseases as important morbidity and mortality causes together with HIV.

Objective: - The present study aimed to investigate the differences between HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected and HIV-monoinfected regarding demographic and clinical aspects from a HIV/AIDS clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Methods: - Review of medical records of 1,030 HIV infected individuals aged 18 years or more in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil.

Characteristics of bacterial acute diarrhea among women.

Objective: To describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of women presenting with acute gastroenteritis due to infection with Salmonella spp. or Shigella spp.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using data for patients with specimens positive for Shigella spp.

Proteinuria is common among HIV patients: what are we missing?

Objectives: HIV-related renal diseases are the leading causes of chronic kidney diseases worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathological proteinuria and its risk factors among HIV patients.

Methods: A review of the medical records of 666 HIV-infected individuals aged 18 years or older in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre in southern Brazil.

Hypertension--an emerging cardiovascular risk factor in HIV infection.

Patients with HIV may have an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in a population of HIV-infected patients at an HIV/AIDS clinic in southern Brazil. We reviewed medical records of 1009 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years or more in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil.

Risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean section in a Brazilian Women's Hospital: a case-control study.

Unlabelled: The present study evaluated patients with diagnosis of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section and their controls to determinate risk factors and impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on this condition.

Methods: All cesareans performed from January 2009 to December 2012 were evaluated for SSI, based on criteria established by CDC/NHSN. Control patients were determined after inclusion of case patients.

HAART and liver: is it safe?

Introduction: Liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity in HIV patients. This study investigates the possibility that chronic HCV increases the risk of hepatotoxicity after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation.

Methodology: The data from 30 coinfected HIV/HCV and 35 HIV monoinfected patients between August 2008 and August 2010, since the start of HAART, were analyzed along with data from every three months, with clinical/laboratory evaluation until the end of twelve months.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome with facial vesicular rash: a unique clinical presentation in a kidney transplant patient.

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) is the result of herpes zoster virus reactivation producing hearing loss, pain and vesicles in the ear or mouth, along with ipsilateral facial palsy due to the 7th cranial nerve geniculate ganglion infectious involvement. This condition has not been previously described, particularly in transplant patients. A 38-year old man underwent kidney transplantation and two years later experienced an ache on the left side of the face and hearing loss in the ear, also exhibiting vesicular lesions and concomitant facial peripheral palsy.

Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio versus 24-h proteinuria in the screening for nephropathy in HIV patients.

To determine the correlation between protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-h urinary protein, proteinuria was measured in 45 patients attending a public HIV clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, using 24-h urinary protein excretion (24hUP) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Spearman's correlation test was done to evaluate the association between spot protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24hUP. The limits of agreement between the two methods were analysed by the Bland-Altman method.

[Microbial etiology and susceptibility of community urinary tract infections during pregnancy in the south of Brazil].

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common conditions during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of germs and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in urine culture isolates from pregnant patients treated at a tertiary maternity hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study was carried out at Hospital Fêmina, a leading institution in prenatal, birth and postnatal healthcare in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Post-cesarean surgical site infection due to Buttiauxella agrestis.

Surgical site infections (SSI) are postoperative complications that constitute a major public health problem. We present a rare case report of infection by Buttiauxella agrestis, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, occurring after a cesarean delivery in a young woman with no comorbidities. The authors further discuss the origin of this infection.

Immune restoration in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological responses after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients compared to monoinfected human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Methods: The study enrolled 65 human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected subjects who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy and attended follow-up visits over 48 weeks from 2008 to 2010. They were grouped based on hepatitis C virus-RNA results.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae oesophagitis in a patient with oesophageal carcinoma.

Saccharomyces species are emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens that can cause bloodstream infections in humans. These infections have often been associated with the ingestion of probiotics. Saccharomyces oesophagitis is a rare condition which has been described so far in only two publications.

Oropharyngeal histoplasmosis: report of eleven cases and review of the literature.

Introduction: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in Brazil, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the soil. H. capsulatum may compromise unusual areas, including the oropharynx, particularly in patients presenting disseminated histoplasmosis; which is associated with a state of immunosuppression, such as AIDS.

Treatment of severe chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole and 5-flucytosine association.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic human melanized fungi infection of the subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi through the skin, often found in barefooted agricultural workers, in tropical and subtropical climate countries. We report the case of a male patient presenting a slow-growing pruriginous lesion on the limbs for 20 years, mistreated over that time, which was diagnosed and successfully treated as chromoblastomycosis. Besides the prevalence of this disease, treatment is still a clinical challenge.