Vulvodynia--An Evidence-Based Literature Review and Proposed Treatment Algorithm.

Objective: We searched the medical literature from the last 15 years (1998 to 2013) relating to the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvodynia. The evidence was reviewed supporting the therapeutic proposals currently in use and propose the incorporation of novel, minimally invasive, interventional therapies, within the context of a multidisciplinary approach.

Methods: This was a systematic review of all relevant studies with no language restrictions.

Subcutaneous and perineural botulinum toxin type a for neuropathic pain: a descriptive review.

Objective: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that has been widely used in chronic pain for the treatment of multiple conditions with a component of localized muscle spasm. Recent studies suggest that botulinum toxin is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes such as postherpetic neuralgia or painful scars.

Methods: We searched the PubMed and OvidSP databases.

Subcutaneous botulinum toxin for chronic post-thoracotomy pain.

Objective: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that has been widely used in chronic pain for the treatment of multiple conditions with a component of localized muscle spasm. Recent studies suggest that botulinum toxin is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes such as post-herpetic neuralgia.

Case Report: We report the case of a 67-year-old man who underwent atypical segmentectomy of a right lower lobe lung nodule.

[Technical procedures for treating pain].

Nowadays, chronic pain treatment units are comprised by multidisciplinary work teams on which the contribution by each professional involved contributes to the team objective to handle and control pain. Out of all the forms of treatment and action plans developed for patients which deal with all the biological, psychological and social needs related to their experiences with chronic pain, in this article the authors concentrate exclusively on those technological and invasive procedures that are most frequently carried out by medical teams in chronic pain units. In this sense, nurses play an active participatory role in those procedures carried out, mainly in outpatient clinics where a patient is treated as an outpatient and nurses perform clinical services without the need of hospitalization.

Intrathecal granuloma formation in a patient receiving long-term spinal infusion of tramadol.

Objective: Intrathecal granuloma associated to the tip of subarachnoid catheters implanted in patients receiving long-term spinal infusion is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication. Its development seems to be related to the intrathecal administration of opioid drugs, although not all opioids induce granuloma formation with the same frequency.

Design: Morphine or hydromorphone-related granulomas have been reported extensively in the literature, but there are no data about any of the other opioids currently used in an off-label fashion when first-line drugs are contraindicated.

Can an intrathecal, catheter-tip-associated inflammatory mass reoccur?

Objectives: Intrathecal granuloma associated to the tip of catheters implanted in patients receiving long-term spinal infusion to alleviate chronic pain is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication. Its formation seems to be related to the intrathecal administration of opioid drugs, although not all opioids induce granuloma formation with the same frequency.

Methods: In this clinical report, we describe an intrathecal granuloma that reoccur twice in the same patient after its surgical removal.

Epidural Neurostimulation of Posterior Funiculi for the Treatment of Buerger's Disease.

Background.  Buerger disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, occlusive and recurrent inflammatory vascular disorder that affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities. Case reports.

Oral ketamine for the treatment of type I complex regional pain syndrome.

Ketamine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We present a case of severe complex regional pain syndrome type 1 that was treated with oral ketamine. The response and tolerability of this preparation suggest that further study is warranted.