Treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an update.

Purpose Of Review: This review describes the latest information in the management of bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDRGNB) in critically ill patients.

Recent Findings: The prevalence of bloodstream infections due to MDRGNB is high, and they pose a significant risk in critically ill patients. Recently, novel antimicrobial agents, including new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol, have been introduced for treating these infections.

A large multicenter outbreak in critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 66 cases.

Objective: To describe a multicenter outbreak of . that occurred in a large number of critically ill patients in a city in Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In April 2021, the National Institute for Food and Drug Surveillance (INVIMA) reported an outbreak of .

A Systematic Review of Gene Expression Studies in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

(1) Background: Sepsis is present in nearly 90% of critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This systematic review updates the information on studies that have assessed gene expression profiles in critically ill septic patients with CAP. (2) Methods: We searched for studies that satisfied the following criteria: (a) expression profile in critically ill patients with sepsis due to CAP, (b) presence of a control group, and (c) adult patients.

Intrahepatic cholestasis due to Treponema pallidum in an immunocompetent patient.

Hepatitis due to Treponema pallidum is a rare entity and its diagnosis represents a clinical challenge. Treponema pallidum should be considered as a presumptive etiology in all patients with acute liver disease, when other frequent causes have been ruled out. We present the case of a young, immunocompetent patient with elevated values in his liver tests, a cholestatic pattern, and maculopapular lesions on his palms and soles.

Executive summary - Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection - Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS).

The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection.

Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

(1) Background: Information regarding gene expression profiles and the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is scarce. We aimed to examine the differences in the gene expression profiles in peripheral blood at hospital admission between patients with CAP who died during hospitalization and those who survived. (2) Methods: This is a multicenter study of nonimmunosuppressed adult patients who required hospitalization for CAP.

Executive summary. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS).

The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection.

Executive summary. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS).

The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection.

High levels of cardiovascular biomarkers in fatal Chikungunya virus infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is an emerging arboviral disease that has spread geographically to many previously unaffected areas. Although severe cases of acute CHIKV infection have been documented, little is known about its pathogenesis. We aimed to determine the levels of cardiovascular biomarkers in fatal and non-fatal patients with acute CHIKV infection.

Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Malnutrition comprises two groups of conditions: undernutrition and overweight or obesity. It has been associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and with elevated mortality rates. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and its prognosis is affected by a large number of recognizable risk factors.

Causative Agents of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Resistance to Antibiotics in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This systematic review updates information on the causative agents of VAP and resistance to antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS databases from December 2019 to December 2021.

Legionnaires' Disease: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment.

Legionellosis is the infection caused by bacteria of the genus Legionella, including a non-pneumonic influenza-like syndrome, and Legionnaires' disease is a more serious illness characterized by pneumonia. Legionellosis is becoming increasingly important as a public health problem throughout the world; although it is an underreported disease, studies have consistently documented a high incidence. In addition, health costs associated with the disease are high.

Epidemiology of 4963 deaths associated with COVID-19 during three pandemic waves in a Latin American city with a high mortality rate, 2020-2021.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19-associated deaths in Barranquilla, Colombia, a city with a high mortality rate, and their changes between pandemic waves.

Methods: The local Health Department obtained information on all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 deaths reported from March 2020 to May 2021. Data were collected using national surveillance reports and death certificates.

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) over a 10-year period in Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is the leading cause of infectious death worldwide. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of IPD and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-10 (PCV-10) over a 10-year period in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods: This was a laboratory-based surveillance study of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with IPD from 82 hospitals over 10 years in Bogotá, Colombia.

Unexpected high frequency of early mortality in COVID-19: a single-centre experience during the first wave of the pandemic.

We report the high frequency of early mortality in COVID-19 patients (48.6% of 72 deaths). Early deaths were not explained by differences in age, sex and comorbidities, but they had a more severe disease at hospital admission compared with late deaths.

Human Proteinase 3, an important autoantigen of c-ANCA associated vasculitis, shares cross-reactive epitopes with serine protease allergens from mites: an analysis.

In autoimmune vasculitis, autoantibodies to Human Proteinase 3 (PR3), a human serine protease, seems to have a role on the inception of c-ANCA associated vasculitis. The origin of this autoreactive response remains unclear. However, for several autoreactive responses, molecular mimicry between environmental antigens and human proteins is key to trigger autoantibodies and finally autoimmunity manifestations.

Effects of age and comorbidities on serum levels of inflammatory markers in community-acquired pneumonia.

Introduction: Studies have suggested that an inappropriate inflammatory response is a major cause of treatment failure and mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the effect of age and comorbidities on serum inflammatory markers in CAP.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with CAP.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by COVID-19 in Patients Without Respiratory Symptoms: Case Reports.

Worse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been documented in older patients with comorbidities, especially in those with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the clinical picture and risk factors of COVID-19 in DM is still emerging. Here, we report four cases of severe COVID-19 patients with acute diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) without respiratory symptoms, with viral and bacterial coinfection, and poor clinical outcomes.

Chikungunya outbreak (2015) in the Colombian Caribbean: Latent classes and gender differences in virus infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, is part of a group of emergent diseases, including arbovirus, constituting an increasing public health problem in tropical areas worldwide. CHIKV causes a severe and debilitating disease with high morbidity. The first Colombian autochthonous case was reported in the Colombian Caribbean region in September 2014.

Predictors of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic patients with bloodstream infection.

Objectives: To assess risk factors for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) infection in neutropenic patients.

Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of consecutive bloodstream infection (BSI) episodes (2004-2017, Barcelona). Two multivariate regression models were used at BSI diagnosis and P.

Usefulness of sputum gram stain for etiologic diagnosis in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Implementation of sputum Gram stain in the initial assessment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients is still controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the usefulness of sputum Gram stain for defining the etiologic diagnosis of CAP in adult patients.

Methods: We systematically searched the Medline, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus and LILACS databases for full-text articles.