Novel insights in bacterial vaginosis etiology through genomic approaches.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been considered as dysbiosis state whose etiology is not fully understood. This condition affects a large number of women of reproductive age and its study has been highly relevant due to the growing association of BV with and gynecological and obstetric complications and diseases, in addition to a greater susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. The vaginal microbiota composition presents high variability among different ethnic groups of women, although, generally, the prevalence of lactobacilli species has been reported.

Common and specific aspects of anxiety and depression and the metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: The associations of anxiety and depression with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are not consistent across studies. Anxiety and depression are highly correlated and traditional methods don't take the structure of this correlation into account. Our aim is to disentangle the relationship of these emotional conditions with MetS, using bifactor models, modelling both general and specific aspects between anxiety and depression.

Protease OMA1 modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure through dynamic association with MICOS complex.

Remodeling of mitochondrial ultrastructure is a process that is critical for organelle physiology and apoptosis. Although the key players in this process-mitochondrial contact site and cristae junction organizing system (MICOS) and Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1)-have been characterized, the mechanisms behind its regulation remain incompletely defined. Here, we found that in addition to its role in mitochondrial division, metallopeptidase OMA1 is required for the maintenance of intermembrane connectivity through dynamic association with MICOS.

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.

Objectives: To examine patterns and predictors of perceived treatment helpfulness for mania/hypomania and associated depression in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.

Methods: Face-to-face interviews with community samples across 15 countries found n = 2,178 who received lifetime mania/hypomania treatment and n = 624 with lifetime mania/hypomania who received lifetime major depression treatment. These respondents were asked whether treatment was ever helpful and, if so, the number of professionals seen before receiving helpful treatment.

Otolaryngologist's role in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and late-onset fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective death of motor neurons. The aetiology of ALS is still unknown and it is extremely heterogeneous in genetics and clinical presentation, being the respiratory failure the usual cause of death. We describe a case of a 61-year-old male patient referred to the otolaryngology consultation for a 6-month history of progressive solid dysphagia and dysphonia.

Incidence of venous thromboembolism among patients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation compared to other causes of respiratory failure: a prospective cohort study.

Previous studies have suggested that COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of VTE among mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 pneumonia, compared to patients with respiratory failure related to other causes. Prospective study that enrolled critically ill adults with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia between June 2, 2020 and August 11, 2020.

NIR and MIR spectroscopy for quick detection of the adulteration of cocoa content in chocolates.

The Near (NIR) and Mid (MIR) Infrared Spectroscopy associated with chemometric techniques were used to determine the cocoa solids content in chocolates and detect possible adulterations. Five chocolate formulations (30% to 90%) were produced with different cocoa solids concentrations and 110 commercial samples from 10 different countries with varying concentrations of cocoa solids (30% to 88%) were acquired. All repetions of the produced and commercial chocolates were evaluated using NIR and MIR.

Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response induced by crack-cocaine: relevance to carcinogenesis.

Crack-cocaine is a cocaine by-product widely consumed by general population in developing countries. The drug is low cost and is associated with more intense effects when compared to other illicit drugs. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response are considered crucial events in carcinogenesis, since they actively participate in the multistep process.

Characterization of a new multidrug-resistant Brazilian isolate and 172 spp. sequenced strains: Genomic island, multilocus sequence typing and capsule locus dataset.

The genus comprises species that cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections. A dataset was created to compile the sequence type (ST) and capsule type (K-locus) information predicted for 172 worldwide isolates of spp. whose complete genomes could be retrieved from the GenBank (NCBI) repository.

Long non-coding RNA Meg3 deficiency impairs glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling by inducing cellular senescence of hepatic endothelium in obesity.

Obesity-induced insulin resistance is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying endothelial senescence in obesity, and how it impacts obesity-induced insulin resistance remain incompletely understood. In this study, transcriptome analysis revealed that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3) is one of the top differentially expressed lncRNAs in the vascular endothelium in diet-induced obese mice.

Emergence of Lyme Disease on Treeless Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Lyme disease is usually associated with forested habitats but has recently emerged on treeless islands in the Western Isles of Scotland. The environmental and human components of Lyme disease risk in open habitats remain unknown. We quantified the environmental hazard and risk factors for human tick bite exposure among treeless islands with low and high Lyme disease incidence in the Western Isles.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the dorsal raphe abolishes serotonin 1A facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the ventral hippocampus.

In a previous study we showed that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the rat dorsal subregion of the dorsal raphe (DRD), which sends serotonergic projections to forebrain areas, such as the ventral hippocampus, induces anxiolytic-like effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate neurobiological alterations which might underline these behavioral effects. For that, we tested the influence of DBS upon the neuromodulatory action of serotonin on excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) in the ventral hippocampus.

Caloric Adequacy in the First Week of Mechanically Ventilated Patients has No Impact on Long-term Daily Life Activities.

Aim And Objective: The aim and objective of this study is to test the effect of an optimized caloric supply in the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in mechanically ventilated patients on the ability to perform their activities of daily living (ADL) in the long-term.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study comparing patients who achieved an adequate caloric target (≥80%) vs those whose target was inadequate (<80%). The primary outcome under study is the instrumental ADL (IADL) scale after 6 months of discharge.

Association between childhood adversities and psychopathology onset throughout the lifespan: Findings from a large metropolitan population.

Background: Childhood adversities (ECA) are deleterious experiences that can occur during individuals' development, which has been associated with several negative health outcomes.

Aim: Analyze the effect of ECA on the onset of DSM-IV disorders throughout life.

Method: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used in a stratified, multistage area probability sample of 5037 individuals aged 18 or more to assess the presence of childhood adversities, 20 psychiatric disorders and their ages of onset.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Instruments Measuring Children's Movement Behaviors and Parenting Practices in Brazilian Families.

Childhood obesity is a global problem, disproportionately affecting children in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC). Despite this evidence, no previous study has adapted instruments measuring children's movement behaviors and associated parenting practices for use in LMIC families. This study reports the results of a cross-cultural adaptation of previously validated measures of children's movement behaviors and parenting practices in economically disadvantaged Brazilian families.

Comparative genomics with a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate reveals the panorama of unexplored diversity in Northeast Brazil.

The emergence of community acquired infections increases the public health concern on K. pneumoniae and closely related bacteria among which antimicrobial resistance spreads. We report a multidrug-resistant K.

Taxonomic classification of strain PO100/5 shows a broader geographic distribution and genetic markers of the recently described Corynebacterium silvaticum.

The bacterial strain PO100/5 was isolated from a skin abscess taken from a pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal. It was identified as Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using biochemical tests, multiplex PCR and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. After genome sequencing and rpoB phylogeny, the strain was classified as C.

Ibuprofen-loaded calcium phosphate granules: A new bone substitute for local relieving symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Musculoskeletal diseases often demand a drug treatment at the specific site of injury or defect site. In this context, the use of calcium phosphates is attractive as it allows both the bone substitution and the local delivery of a drug substance. In this work, we present a drug delivery device that combines calcium phosphate bioceramic granules and ibuprofen, a widely used anti-inflammatory drug.

The effects of felted foam in diabetic foot treatment: systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of felted foam in the treatment of diabetic foot plantar ulcer.

Method: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Research was conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS, IBECS and LILACS.

Validation of an instructional module to help dental students learn to avoid plagiarism.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the learning effectiveness of an instructional module in helping first-year dental students and international graduate advanced standing students learn to avoid plagiarism in their scientific writing.

Method: The module was administered to a total of 226 first year dental students (157 at the University of Pittsburgh, in 2018 and 2019; 69 at the University of Illinois at Chicago, in 2019), and a total of 102 international graduate advanced standing students at the University of Illinois at Chicago, in 2019 and 2020. Psychometric analysis of the module's test items confirmed reliability and validity.

Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaves fractions have potential to reduce effects of inflammatory diseases.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Since drugs currently used to manage pain and inflammatory conditions present several side effects, the investigation of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents from folk-medicine plants is an important approach. Costus spiralis (Costaceae) has been used in Brazilian medicinal teas to treat urinary infection, cough, inflammation, arthritis, among others.

Aim Of The Study: The current study focused on investigating anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of fractions from C.

High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels.

No Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Red Clover Dietary Supplement with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Women.

Extracts of red clover ( L.), containing estrogenic isoflavones like genistein and daidzein and the proestrogenic isoflavones formononetin and biochanin A, are used by women as dietary supplements for the management of menopausal symptoms. Although marketed as a safer alternative to hormone therapy, red clover isoflavones have been reported to inhibit some cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in drug metabolism.