The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Under which conditions antibiotic combination therapy decelerates rather than accelerates resistance evolution is not well understood. We examined the effect of combining antibiotics on within-patient resistance development across various bacterial pathogens and antibiotics.

Methods: We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PubMed for (quasi)-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to 24 November 2022.

The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

When and under which conditions antibiotic combination therapy decelerates rather than accelerates resistance evolution is not well understood. We examined the effect of combining antibiotics on within-patient resistance development across various bacterial pathogens and antibiotics. We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE and PubMed for (quasi)-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to November 24, 2022.

Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia identified in a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Hospital-acquired pneumonia in nonventilated patients (nvHAP) belongs to the most common healthcare-associated infections. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for nvHAP in patients outside the intensive care unit, focusing on modifiable risk factors.

Methods: All inpatients admitted to an academic teaching hospital in Switzerland between 2017 and 2018 were included.

Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.

A key parameter in epidemiological modeling which characterizes the spread of an infectious disease is the generation time, or more generally the distribution of infectiousness as a function of time since infection. There is increasing evidence supporting a prolonged viral shedding window for COVID-19, but the transmissibility in this phase is unclear. Based on this, we develop a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Resistant (SEIR) model including an additional compartment of chronically infected individuals who can stay infectious for a longer duration than the reported generation time, but with infectivity reduced to varying degrees.

Identifying the drivers of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at a European level.

Beta-lactam- and in particular carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae represent a major public health threat. Despite strong variation of resistance across geographical settings, there is limited understanding of the underlying drivers. To assess these drivers, we developed a transmission model of cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.