Diagnosis of primary secretory otitis media in the cavalier King Charles spaniel.

Background: Primary secretory otitis media (PSOM) is a disease reported in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS). The diagnosis of PSOM has been made based only on visualization of a bulging tympanic membrane and mucus in the middle ear post-myringotomy. No additional tests have been evaluated for the diagnosis of PSOM; CKCSs with early disease may have been missed.

Ectopic ureters in male dogs: review of 16 clinical cases (1999-2007).

Ureteral ectopia is a well-described cause of urinary incontinence in female dogs, but this condition has not been completely characterized in male dogs. Sixteen male dogs with ectopic ureters were evaluated between Jan 1999 and Mar 2007. Male dogs were similar to female dogs with ectopic ureters in terms of breed, presenting complaint, age of onset, and bilateral nature of the ectopia.

Accuracy of computed tomography in determining lesion size in canine appendicular osteosarcoma.

Multidetector contrast enhanced computed tomography with acquisition of 0.625-mm thick transverse images was used to measure the extent of appendicular osteosarcoma in 10 dogs. The measured length of tumor based on CT was compared to the true length of tumor using histopathology.

Fractures in regions of adaptive modeling and remodeling of central tarsal bones in racing Greyhounds.

Objective: To evaluate and compare bone modeling and remodeling in fractured and non-fractured central tarsal bones (CTBs) of racing Greyhounds.

Sample: Paired cadaveric tarsi from 6 euthanized racing Greyhounds with right CTB fractures and 6 racing Greyhounds with other nontarsal injuries.

Procedures: CTBs were dissected and fractured CTBs were reconstructed.

Effects of treatment on respiratory rate, serum natriuretic peptide concentration, and Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressure in dogs with congestive heart failure secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of treatment on respiratory rate, serum natriuretic peptide concentrations, and Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressure in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Animals: 63 client-owned dogs.

Detection of congestive heart failure in dogs by Doppler echocardiography.

Background: Echocardiographic prediction of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs has not been prospectively evaluated.

Hypothesis: CHF can be predicted by Doppler echocardiographic (DE) variables of left ventricular (LV) filling in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Animals: Sixty-three client-owned dogs.

Advanced imaging of the spine in small animals.

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are extremely valuable techniques in the diagnosis of spinal disorders. This article reviews the fundamentals, indications, key technical aspects, and advantages and disadvantages of each modality. The CT and MRI features of common spinal diseases are discussed and illustrated.

Effects of orthopedic implants with a polycaprolactone polymer coating containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osseointegration in bones of sheep.

Objective: To determine elution characteristics of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 from a polycaprolactone coating applied to orthopedic implants and determine effects of this coating on osseointegration.

Animals: 6 sheep.

Procedures: An in vitro study was conducted to determine BMP-2 elution from polycaprolactone-coated implants.

Influence of bone cements on bone-screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of horses.

Objective: To compare biomechanical strength, interface quality, and effects of bone healing in bone-implant interfaces that were untreated or treated with calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in horses.

Animals: 6 adult horses.

Procedures: 4 screw holes were created (day 0) in each third metacarpal and third metatarsal bone of 6 horses.

Computed tomographic arthrography of the stifle for detection of cranial and caudal cruciate ligament and meniscal tears in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of single-detector computed tomographic arthrography (CT arthrography) for the diagnosis of cranial and caudal cruciate ligament and meniscal lesions in the dog stifle. Four normal and 25 abnormal stifle joints, determined to have lesions related to intra-articular ligamentous insufficiency based on clinical history, orthopedic examination, and survey orthogonal radiographs, were imaged using a previously developed CT arthrography protocol. Surgery was performed immediately following the CT procedure.

Computed tomographic assessment of vascular invasion and resectability of mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat.

Aims: To assess the sensitivity of non-angiographic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to determine the presence of vascular invasion of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat, and to evaluate the association between vascular invasion and peri-operative mortality.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 dogs and one cat. CT scans were completed with slices ranging from 2 to 10 mm.

Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984-2005).

Objective: To provide long-term follow-up information for a series of dogs and cats with invasive and noninvasive thymomas treated by excision alone.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 9 cats and 11 dogs with thymoma.

Radiographic, computed tomographic, and arthroscopic evaluation of experimental radio-ulnar incongruence in the dog.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of arthroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and radiography for evaluation of radio-ulnar incongruence (RUI).

Study Design: Experimental evaluation of induced progressive RUI.

Sample Population: Cadaveric Labrador forelimbs (n=11).

Vertebral heart size in retired racing Greyhounds.

The vertebral heart size (VHS) is used to objectively assess cardiac dimensions on thoracic radiographs. A high VHS suggest the presence of cardiac pathology, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, degenerative atrioventricular valvular disease, pericardial effusion, pericardioperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia, tricuspid dysplasia, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, among others. However, breed or body conformation can influence the VHS.

Subchondral bone density and cartilage degeneration patterns in osteoarthritic metacarpal condyles of horses.

Objective: To evaluate and correlate patterns of subchondral bone density and articular cartilage degeneration (derived by use of gross, histologic, and computed tomographic [CT] examinations) in equine third metacarpal condyles with and without osteoarthritis.

Sample Population: 8 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (n = 4 horses) without osteoarthritis and 6 osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints (4).

Procedures: Horses were euthanized.

Effects of a magnesium adhesive cement on bone stability and healing following a metatarsal osteotomy in horses.

Objective: To compare biodegradable magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), and no cement on bone repair, biocompatibility, and bone adhesive characteristics in vivo in horses.

Animals: 8 clinically normal adult horses.

Procedures: Triangular fragments (1-cm-long arms) were created by Y-shaped osteotomy of the second and fourth metatarsal bones (MTII and MTIV, respectively).

Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic imaging of the auditory tube in mesaticephalic dogs.

Computed tomography after contrast medium injection was performed in three mesaticephalic canine cadavers to image the auditory tube. Cadavers were positioned in lateral recumbency for imaging. A myringotomy incision was made in the left tympanic membrane of each dog, and contrast medium was infused into the ear canal and middle ear through a balloon-tip catheter.

Vestibular, vaginal, and urethral relations in spayed dogs with and without lower urinary tract signs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in female spayed dogs with and without signs of lower urinary tract disease by using conventional vaginourethrography, computed tomography (CT) vaginourethrography, and uroendoscopy. Nineteen dogs with lower urinary tract disease and 12 normal dogs were evaluated prospectively. Measurements made included vaginal length, vaginal height, vaginal width, vestibule length, vestibule height, vestibule width, vestibulovaginal ratios, cingulum height, cingulum width, cingulum area, urethral length, urethral height, urethral width, angle of urethra to vestibule, and angle of vaginal to vestibule.

Comparison of conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in the canine brain.

T2-weighted fast spin echo and conventional spin echo are two magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences used to image the brain. Given the same scan parameters the resolution of fast spin-echo images will be inferior to that of conventional spin-echo images. However, fast spin-echo images can be acquired in a shorter time allowing scan parameters to be optimized for increased resolution without increasing the time to an unacceptable level.

Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in sound spayed and intact dogs. Fourteen intact and 12 spayed sound dogs had their lower urogenital tract evaluated with conventional vaginourethrography, computed tomography (CT) vaginourethrography and uroendoscopy under general anesthesia. Measurements for each of the three imaging modalities were made.

Comparison of ultrasonographic characteristics of the thyroid gland in healthy small-, medium-, and large-breed dogs.

Objective: To determine ultrasonographic characteristics of the thyroid gland in healthy small-, medium-, and large-breed dogs and evaluate the relationships of thyroid gland size and volume with body weight and body surface area (BSA).

Animals: 72 dogs of small (6 Toy and 6 Miniature Poodles), medium (12 Beagles), and large breeds (12 Akitas and 36 Golden Retrievers).

Procedure: Each dog's thyroid gland was examined ultrasonographically with a 10- to 5-MHz multifrequency linear-array transducer.

Inverted contrast medium-urine layering in the canine urinary bladder on computed tomography.

Contrast medium-urine layering is routinely identified on transverse computed tomography (CT) images in the urinary bladder following intravesicular or intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium. The contrast opacified urine typically occupies the dependent portion of the urinary bladder whereas the nonopacified urine layers above it. In this retrospective study, three patients with inverted contrast medium layering following intravenous contrast medium administration are described.