Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients.

One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Hormones, oxidized proteins, and lipids in alcoholism. Duration of remission.

The instability of remission in alcohol dependence (AD) creates a need to search for criteria for predicting its duration. The aim of study was to determine the hormones, oxidized proteins, and lipids in patients with AD, and the possible relations between these parameters and the duration of remission. Blood samples were obtained from 49 male patients with AD after alcohol detoxification (Total group).

Features of oxidative stress in alcoholism.

The review considers molecular mechanisms underlying formation and development of oxidative stress (OS) in patients with alcohol dependence. The major attention is paid to the effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde associated with additional sources of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to exogenous ethanol. The own results of studies of the in vitro effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the concentration of peripheral OS markers - products of oxidative modification of proteins (protein carbonyls), lipids (lipid peroxidation products), DNA (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) in blood plasma are presented.

[Inflammatory markers in organic nonpsychotic disorders].

Objective: To determine the indicators of systemic inflammation in peripheral blood samples of patients with organic non-psychotic disorders.

Material And Methods: The study included 60 patients, aged 56.9±7.

Cytokine Production in Whole Blood Cells Culture of Patients with Alcohol Dependence and Autologous Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers.

We studied spontaneous production of a spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines by cultured whole blood cells from men with alcohol dependence at the stage of withdrawal syndrome and oxidative stress markers (carbonylated proteins and TBA-reactive substances) in the plasma of these blood samples. Enhanced production of cytokines by blood cells and increased concentrations of oxidative stress markers in the autologous plasma were revealed in comparison with the corresponding parameters in the control (blood from healthy men). Direct correlations were found between the levels of spontaneous cytokine production by blood cells from subjects with alcohol dependence and the concentration of oxidized proteins and lipids in autologous plasma.

[Characteristic of innate and acquired immunity in adaptation disorders].

Objective: To determine factors of innate and acquired immunity in adaptation disorders with a predominance of asthenic or anxiety-depressive syndrome.

Material And Methods: Twenty-five patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of «Adaptation Disorders» (F43.2), including 9 with asthenic syndrome and 16 with anxiety-depressive syndrome, were examined.

[Hormones of stress-response system in alcohol dependence: the ability to predict duration of remission].

Objective: To determine the spectrum of hormones of the stress-realizing system in the time course of therapy of withdrawal syndrome and post-withdrawal state and analyze their possible relationships with the duration of therapeutic remission in patients with alcohol dependence.

Material And Methods: The examination included 74 men admitted in the clinic at Mental Health Research Institute NRMC diagnosed as having «Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol» (dependence syndrome F10.21 and withdrawal state - F10.

[Cluster analysis of inflammatory markers in disorders of adaptation].

Aim: To determine immunophenotypes of patients with adaptation disorders using cluster analysis. The level of inflammatory markers such as leukocyte elastase (LE) enzyme activity and functional activity of α1-protease inhibitor (α1-PI) were used as a classifying attribute (characteristic).

Material And Methods: The results of evaluation of enzymatic activity of LE and functional activity of α1-PI in 40 patients with adaptation disorders (ICD-10 F43.

[Inflammatory factors and immunophenotypes in adjustment disorders].

Aim: To identify inflammatory and autoimmune markers (enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE), functional α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), the level of autoantibodies to neurospecific antigens S100b and myelin basic protein (MBP)) as well as phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils of patients with disorders of adaptation, to determine certain immunophenotypes and analyze their possible relationships with disease characteristics.

Material And Methods: The study included 40 patients with adaptation disorders, mostly women. Diagnostic evaluation and clinical qualification of patients was carried out in accordance with ICD-10: 'Adjustment disorder' (F43.

Role of olfactory reactions, nociception, and immunoendocrine shifts in addictive disorders.

Background And Objectives: Addictive pathology is associated with nervous, immune, and endocrine shifts. Meanwhile, the nature of intersystemic relationship lying beneath addictive disorders remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to identify neuroimmunoendocrine markers of addictive disorders in male subjects defining the nature of their interaction.

[An effect of quetiapine on the immune system of patients with schizophrenia].

Aim: To study an effect of the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine on the immune system of patients with schizophrenia with account for treatment efficacy.

Material And Methods: Quetiapine was administered to 27 patients diagnosed with residual schizophrenia (F20.5) for 6 weeks in dose 200-400 mg/day; dynamic of clinical symptoms was evaluated with PANSS и CGI scales before administration of quetiapine and by week 6 of the treatment.

[Autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA in opiate addiction].

Blood serum from 129 patients with opium addiction at different stages of the disease and 63 donors (control group) was examined for the presence of autoantibodies to the exciting and inhibitory amino acids glutamate and GABA. It was shown enhanced production of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA. Dependence of the level and frequency of detec- tion of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA on the stage of the disease was revealed.

[Influence of Adamantilbromphenylamine on Parameters of Immunity and Symptoms of Asthenia in Patients with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders].

Objective: Our aim was to assess effect of antiasthenic drug adamantilbromphenylamine on the immune system and symptoms of asthenia in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders and to reveal possible criteria for prediction of treatment efficiency.

Methods: Uncontrolled study with interrupted time series was carried out. According to efficiency of treatment patients were divided into two groups (group 1 (n=21)--very much improved and much improved; group 2 (n=9)--minimally improved).

Association of Cytokine Production with Hormone Level and Sensory Responses during the Formation of Psychoactive Drug Addiction in Men.

We performed immunophysiological examination of 144 men aged 17-25 years, patients with psychoactive substance dependence, episodic psychoactive drug users, and conditionally healthy individuals. Associations of proinflammatory cytokine production with age, sex, hormone levels, and olfactory and nociceptive indices were revealed in cases of psychoactive drug use and formation of addiction. Predictive models based on the use of androstenone aversion, pressure algometry testing, and immunological parameters were proposed.

[Association between pathological olfaction, immunological abnormalities and predisposition to substance use].

Objective: To reveal olfactory parameters of substance addiction formation through evaluation of predictive capability of olfactometry combined with laboratory-immunological methods.

Material And Methods: Authors examined 156 people of both sexes aged 18-25 years. Three comparison groups with different attitudes towards psychoactive substances were formed as follows: people who do not use psychoactive substances (controls), episodic consumers (group at risk) and people with dependence syndrome.

Ratio of antibodies to neurotransmitters in the serum of students, occasional drug users.

The survey included volunteer students of secondary and higher educational institutions. Two groups have been formed based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. Group 1 comprised students occasionally using cannabinoids and amphetamines (risk group for psychoactive substances addiction) and group 2 included students who do not use drugs.

Neurophysiological patterns of search and creative behavior in patients with psychoactive substance-induced disorders.

The correlation between search and creative behavior with parameters of bioelectric brain activity was observed in patients with addictive disorders. The prevalence of α- and θ-activities in the parietal-temporal-occipital areas of the cortex and increased θ-activity in the right hemisphere in addiction patients with high search and creative activities were associated with enhanced high-frequency activity in these brain areas. These changes can reflect the formation of a focus of pathologically increased excitation related to the pathogenic mechanisms of addictive disorders.

[Antibodies to neurotransmitters as possible neuroimmune risk markers of formation dependence to psychoactive substances].

In the sera of patients with opioid addiction has been found elevated levels of autoantibodies to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in comparison with a control group of healthy people of the same age. In the group of patients with acute withdrawal was showed a reduction of antibody to dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the blood serum when compared with patients in the period of postabstinent disorders. In the group of patients with risk for the formation of substance dependence in serum was observed decrease in autoantibodies to dopamine and norepinephrine compared with the control group.

[Effect of antipsychotic amisulpride on immune reactivity].

The effect of atypical antipsychotic solian (amisulpride), binding predominantly to dopamine D2/D3-receptors, on the immune reactivity has been studied in mice of the CBA strain with different psychoemotional states (aggressive and submissive behavior). In addition, the effect of solian on the expression of various CD-markers of lymphocytes in has been analyzed in vitro for patients with schizophrenia diagnosis. Chronic (10 days) administration of solian in mice at a dose of 5.

[EEG features during olfactory stimulation in drug dependence persons].

Power spectra analysis EEG was used for baseline interval and during olfactory stimulation in drug dependence and healthy persons. Intergroup differences of EEG spectra were related with enhancement of cortex biopotential power in narcological patients at parietal and temporal sites. Interhemispheres features of frequency bands contribution in EEG spectra were identified.

[Clinical and experimental research of immunomodulatory effect of amisulpride].

Study of immunomodulatory effect of atypical antipsychotic amisulpride has revealed a positive clinical effect after 6-week therapy of schizophrenic patients regarding both positive and negative symptoms. A decrease in activity of humoral immunity factors (B lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, HLADR(+)-cells) identified among schizophrenic patients in the process of amisulpride therapy can be attributed to a positive effect optimizing the ratio Th1/Th2. Amisulpride when used under experimental conditions produced a suppression of IgM-immune response in mice of the C57BL/6J strain.

Signs of apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in patients with depression.

A total of 26 patients with depression and 20 healthy subjects were studied. Measures of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum cortisol concentrations were determined. A significant increase in lymphocyte apoptosis was found in patients with depression, resulting in an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing the FAS receptor; cells with morphological signs characteristic of apoptosis (nuclear condensation, vacuolization) were also seen.