Cancer Mortality in People Treated with Antidepressants before Cancer Diagnosis: A Population Based Cohort Study.

Background: Depression is common after a cancer diagnosis and is associated with an increased mortality, but it is unclear whether depression occurring before the cancer diagnosis affects cancer mortality. We aimed to study cancer mortality of people treated with antidepressants before cancer diagnosis.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a population based cohort study of all adults diagnosed with cancer between January 2003 and December 2010 in Denmark (N = 201,662).

Apgar-score in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: It is unknown if prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) increases the risk of low Apgar score in offspring.

Setting: Population-based study using health registers in Denmark.

Participants: We identified all 677 021 singletons born in Denmark from 1997 to 2008 and linked the Apgar score from the Medical Birth Register with information on the women's prescriptions for AEDs during pregnancy from the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics.

Patient characteristics and frequency of bodily distress syndrome in primary care: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Bodily distress syndrome (BDS) is a newly proposed diagnosis of medically unexplained symptoms, which is based on empirical research in primary care.

Aim: To estimate the frequency of BDS in primary care and describe the characteristics of patients with BDS.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional study of primary care patients in urban and rural areas of Central Denmark Region.

Healthcare Contacts after Myocardial Infarction According to Mental Health and Socioeconomic Position: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine the long-term use of healthcare contacts to general practice (GP) and hospital after a first-time myocardial infarction (MI) according to mental health and socioeconomic position.

Methods: Population-based cohort study of all patients discharged with first-time MI in the Central Denmark Region in 2009 (n=908) using questionnaires and nationwide registers. We estimated adjusted incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for GP and hospital contacts according to depressive and anxiety symptoms, educational level and cohabitation status.

Use of primary health care prior to a postpartum psychiatric episode.

Objective: Childbirth is a strong trigger of psychiatric episodes. Nevertheless, use of primary care before these episodes is not quantified. The aim was to study the use of general practice in Denmark from two years before to one year after childbirth in women who developed postpartum psychiatric disorders.

Risk of Fetal Death after Treatment with Antipsychotic Medications during Pregnancy.

Background: Antipsychotic medications are increasingly used during pregnancy. Nevertheless, fetal risks are still not fully studied. It is currently unclear whether the antipsychotic treatment might induce a higher risk of fetal death.

Problems and challenges in relation to the treatment of patients with multimorbidity: General practitioners' views and attitudes.

Objective: To explore views and attitudes among general practitioners (GPs) and researchers in the field of general practice towards problems and challenges related to treatment of patients with multimorbidity.

Setting: A workshop entitled Patients with multimorbidity in general practice held during the Nordic Congress of General Practice in Tampere, Finland, 2013.

Subjects: A total of 180 GPs and researchers.

Long-term mortality in children and young adults with epilepsy--A population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Epilepsy is associated with an increased mortality. This study estimates the effects of co-morbid disorders on short-term and long-term mortality and presents cause-specific mortality for children and young adults with epilepsy.

Methods: We established a population-based cohort of 1,855,946 children born in Denmark from 1977 to 2006.

Choice mechanisms for past, temporally extended outcomes.

Accurate retrospection is critical in many decision scenarios ranging from investment banking to hedonic psychology. A notoriously difficult case is to integrate previously perceived values over the duration of an experience. Failure in retrospective evaluation leads to suboptimal outcome when previous experiences are under consideration for revisit.

The Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Following Bereavement: A Cohort Study from Denmark and Sweden.

Background: We investigated whether bereavement of a close family member - a source of severe psychological stress exposure - the year before pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: We studied pregnant women with livebirths in Denmark during 1994-2008 and with births in Sweden during 1987-2006 (n = 2,569,446). We obtained data on death of women's parents, siblings, and older children, and on demographic and health- and pregnancy-related factors through linkage between nationwide registers.

Sustained prevention of biofilm formation on a novel silicone matrix suitable for medical devices.

Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on medical devices constitute major challenges in clinical long-term use of e.g. catheters due to the risk of (re)infection of patients, which would result in additional use of antibiotics risking bacterial resistance development.

Intracellular Accumulation of Glycine in Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms in Activated Sludge, a Novel Storage Mechanism under Dynamic Anaerobic-Aerobic Conditions.

Dynamic anaerobic-aerobic feast-famine conditions are applied to wastewater treatment plants to select polyphosphate-accumulating organisms to carry out enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Acetate is a well-known substrate to stimulate this process, and here we show that different amino acids also are suitable substrates, with glycine as the most promising. (13)C-labeled glycine and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to investigate uptake and potential storage products when activated sludge was fed with glycine under anaerobic conditions.

Socioeconomic position, type 2 diabetes and long-term risk of death.

Background: Both socioeconomic position (SEP) and type 2 diabetes have previously been found to be associated with mortality; however, little is known about the association between SEP, type 2 diabetes and long-term mortality when comorbidity is taken into account.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all Danish citizens aged 40-69 years with no history of diabetes during 2001-2006 (N=2,330,206). The cohort was identified using nationwide registers, and it was followed for up to 11 years (mean follow-up was 9.

Soft hydrogels interpenetrating silicone--A polymer network for drug-releasing medical devices.

Materials for the next generation of medical devices will require not only the mechanical stability of current devices, but must also possess other properties such as sustained release of drugs in a controlled manner over a prolonged period of time. This work focuses on creating such a sophisticated material by forming an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) material through modification of silicone elastomers with a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based hydrogel. IPN materials with a PHEMA content in the range of 13%-38% (w/w) were synthesized by using carbon dioxide-based solvent mixtures under high pressure.

Effect of depression and diabetes mellitus on the risk for dementia: a national population-based cohort study.

Importance: Although depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) may independently increase the risk for dementia, no studies have examined whether the risk for dementia among people with comorbid depression and DM is higher than the sum of each exposure individually.

Objective: To examine the risk for all-cause dementia among persons with depression, DM, or both compared with persons with neither exposure.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We performed a national population-based cohort study of 2 454 532 adults, including 477 133 (19.

A new questionnaire to identify bodily distress in primary care: The 'BDS checklist'.

Background: Functional symptoms and disorders are common in primary care. Bodily distress syndrome (BDS) is a newly proposed clinical diagnosis for functional disorders. The BDS diagnosis is based on empirical research, and the symptoms stated in the BDS criteria have been translated into a self-report questionnaire called the BDS checklist.

Children and adolescents previously treated with glucocorticoids display lower verbal intellectual abilities.

Aim: Perinatal exposure to glucocorticoids has been associated with adverse cerebral effects, but little is known about their effect on cognitive development and exposure later in childhood. This study examined intellectual abilities, memory and behavioural problems in children previously treated with glucocorticoids.

Methods: We evaluated 38 children aged from seven to 16 years, who had been treated with glucocorticoids for rheumatic disease or nephrotic syndrome, together with 42 healthy controls matched for age, gender and parental education.

Divisive gain modulation of motoneurons by inhibition optimizes muscular control.

When using muscles, the precision with which force is delivered is as important as the delivery of force itself. Force is regulated by both the number of recruited motoneurons and their spike frequency. While it is known that the recruitment is ordered to reduce variability in force, it remains unclear whether the motoneuron gain, i.

Thirty-Day Mortality After Infection Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.

Objective: Persons with severe mental illness die 15-20 years earlier on average than persons without severe mental illness. Although infection is one of the leading overall causes of death, no studies have evaluated whether persons with severe mental illness have a higher mortality after infection than those without.

Method: The authors studied mortality rate ratios and cumulative mortality proportions after an admission for infection for persons with severe mental illness compared with persons without severe mental illness by linking data from Danish national registries.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to methylphenidate or atomoxetine during pregnancy.

Objective: To determine if prenatal exposure to methylphenidate (MPH) or atomoxetine (ATX) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Materials And Methods: This was a population-based cohort study of all pregnancies in Denmark from 1997 to 2008. Information on use of ADHD medication, ADHD diagnosis, and pregnancy outcomes was obtained from nationwide registers.

Absorption and intermediary metabolism of purines and pyrimidines in lactating dairy cows.

About 20 % of ruminal microbial N in dairy cows derives from purines and pyrimidines; however, their intermediary metabolism and contribution to the overall N metabolism has sparsely been described. In the present study, the postprandial patterns of net portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hepatic metabolism were assessed to evaluate purine and pyrimidine N in dairy cows. Blood was sampled simultaneously from four veins with eight hourly samples from four multi-catheterised Holstein cows.

Increased utilisation of primary healthcare in persons exposed to severe stress in prenatal life: a national population-based study in Denmark.

Objective: Recent studies have suggested that stress in a pregnant mother may affect the future health of the unborn child negatively. An excellent proxy for health problems is the use of healthcare resources. Using nationwide data, we examined whether persons born to mothers who lost a close relative during pregnancy have more contacts to general practice.

Imbalance in habitual versus goal directed neural systems during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Intrusive thoughts and compulsive urges to perform stereotyped behaviours are typical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Emerging evidence suggests a cognitive bias towards habit formation at the expense of goal-directed performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this study, we test this hypothesis using a novel individualized ecologically valid symptom provocation design: a live provocation functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm with synchronous video-recording of behavioural avoidance responses.

[Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome].

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome is a rare consequence of a status epilepticus in the course of a febrile illness in children under the age of four years. Various degrees of hemiplegia and within a variable interval, subsequent epilepsia follows. Neuroimaging show unilateral cytotoxic oedema at the initial convulsive state, followed by severe chronic atrophy of the affected hemisphere.

[Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome in a girl with adrenogenital syndrome].

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is a very rare condition caused by a fever-associated status epilepticus causing various degrees of hemiplegia and secondary epilepsy affecting children under the age of four. The aetiology is not fully understood. We report a case of a two-year-old girl with adrenogenital syndrome presenting with HHE syndrome in the course of a bacterial septicaemia.