Disorder-Induced Magnetotransport Anomalies in Amorphous and Textured CoSi Semimetal Thin Films.

In recent times the chiral semimetal cobalt monosilicide (CoSi) has emerged as a prototypical, nearly ideal topological conductor hosting giant, topologically protected Fermi arcs. Exotic topological quantum properties have already been identified in CoSi bulk single crystals. However, CoSi is also known for being prone to intrinsic disorder and inhomogeneities, which, despite topological protection, risk jeopardizing its topological transport features.

Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes.

Gain-of-function mutations in the TRPV3 gene can cause Olmsted syndrome characterized by palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma, itch, and hair loss. The mechanism underlying the hair loss remains unclear. In this study, we engineered an Olmsted syndrome mouse model by introducing the point mutation G568V to the corresponding Trpv3 locus in the mice.

The chemical fingerprint of hair melanosomes by infrared nano-spectroscopy.

In situ characterization of the chemical and structural properties of black and white sheep hair was performed with a spatial resolution of 25 nm using infrared nano-spectroscopy. Comparing data sets from two types of hair allowed us to isolate the keratin FTIR fingerprint and so mark off chemical properties of the hair's melanosomes. From a polarization sensitive analysis of the nano-FTIR spectra, we showed that keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) present anisotropic molecular ordering.

Local structure of human hair spatially resolved by sub-micron X-ray beam.

Human hair has three main regions, the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle. An existing model for the cortex suggests that the α-keratin- based intermediate filaments (IFs) align with the hair's axis, but are orientationally disordered in-plane. We found that there is a new region in the cortex near the cuticle's boundary in which the IFs are aligned with the hair's axis, but additionally, they are orientationally ordered in-plane due to the presence of the cuticle/hair boundary.

Large assembly formation via a two-step process in a chromonic liquid crystal.

IR-806 is a near-infrared cyanine dye that forms assemblies in aqueous solutions which in turn orientationally order into a liquid crystal phase at concentrations as low as 0.5 wt %. Unlike many chromonic liquid crystals, the absorption spectrum of IR-806 changes dramatically with concentration, showing an isodesmic assembly process at lower concentrations followed by a second process at higher concentrations that is not isodesmic.

Filamentous condensation of DNA induced by pegylated poly-L-lysine and transfection efficiency.

In this paper we propose a detailed analysis of structural and morphological properties of two poly-L-lysine (PLL)-based transfection formulations, PLL/DNA and pegylated PLL (PLL-g-PEG)/DNA, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Comparing PLL-g-PEG/DNA with PLL/DNA polyplexes, we demonstrate that, due to the presence of PEG, the particles differ not only in size, shape, and crystalline structure, but also in transfection efficiency. While PLL condensates DNA in large agglomerates, PLL grafted with polyethylene glycol 2000 can condensate DNA in long filaments with diameters of some nanometers (6-20 nm).