Uric acid and left ventricular hypertrophy: another relationship in hemodialysis patients.

Background: The impact of serum uric acid (UA) on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is quite controversial in relation to the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum UA with both mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in HD patients.

Methods: This longitudinal study enrolled 225 prevalent HD patients who were classified into three groups according to their follow-up-averaged UA (FA-UA) levels: low FA-UA (FA-UA <400 µmol/L), intermediate/reference FA-UA (FA-UA between 400 and 450 µmol/L) and high FA-UA (FA-UA >450 µmol/L).

Primary Failure of the Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4/5.

Background: An Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a creation of the natural blood vessels. It is a "gate of life" for the patients on hemodialysis.

Aim: The study aimed to analyze the predictors for primary failure of AVF such as gender, age, number and location of AVF, and primary renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4/5.

Goodpasture Syndrome Diagnosed One Year And A Half after the Appearance of the First Symptoms (Case Report).

Background: Goodpasture syndrome was originally described as an association of alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. It occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.

Aim: We are presenting a patient with a clinical picture of pulmonary haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis, which is diagnosed by renal biopsy.

Two Pregnancies with a Different Outcome in a Patient with Alport Syndrome.

Background: Alport syndrome is a genetic disease that progresses to chronic kidney failure, with X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Women are generally carriers of the mutation and have a milder form of the disease. During pregnancy, they have an increased risk of impaired kidney function and preeclampsia.

Protocol for performing nephrological activity in the Republic of Macedonia.

The fast development of nephrology in the world, especially in the second half of the 20 th century demanded protocol (guidelines) for nephrological activity for all levels of medical care, of doctors and specialists. The International Society of Nephrology, the European Renal Association and other national associations created their own protocol (guidelines) for nephrological activity. The Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artificial Organs (MSNDTAO) proclaimed the First Protocol for Performing Nephrological Activity in the Republic of Macedonia at the First Congress of the MSNDTAO, held in Ohrid 1993, and it was published in the Macedonian Medical Review, 1994; Supplement 14: 397-406 [1].