Acute Kidney Injury Due to Ureter Compression Following Iliac Venous Stenting.

Purpose: To report the occurrence of acute postrenal kidney failure caused by external ureteral obstruction after iliac venous stent placement.

Case Report: A 73-year-old male patient presented with a chronic swelling and feeling of heaviness of his right leg. The presence of venous thrombosis was excluded by duplex ultrasound (DUS).

Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis in geriatric patients - differences, similarities and caveats in comparison to the general population.

Purpose Of Review: Purpose of the review is to address management and prevention of urolithiasis in elderly patients examining the dynamic interplay between general measures, dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and targeted pharmacological and/ or surgical interventions. The goal is to provide understanding of the evolving strategies required for effective urolithiasis prevention in the geriatric population.

Recent Findings: Age-specific diagnostic considerations are necessary because urolithiasis in the elderly population is characterized by bigger stones, greater peri-operative risks, and heightened symptom severity.

Well-differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumour of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis - A Rare Lesion, but one Pathologists Should Know About Two Patient Reports and a Review of the Literature.

Besides malignant mesothelioma, benign mesothelial neoplasms do exist in the tunica vaginalis testis. However, histological criteria remain controversial, thus leading to diagnostic uncertainty and difficulty in their classification according to their biological behavior. In recent years, molecular markers have emerged that aid in the differentiation of benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations throughout the body.

The microbiome of kidney stones and urine of patients with nephrolithiasis.

The incidence of nephrolithiasis is rising worldwide. Although it is a multifactorial disease, lifestyle plays a major role in its etiology. Another considerable factor could be an aberrant microbiome.

International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the metabolic evaluation and medical management of urolithiasis.

The aim of this study was to construct the fourth in a series of guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis by the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) that by providing a clinical framework for the metabolic evaluation, prevention, and follow-up of patients with urolithiasis based on the best available published literature. All recommendations were summarized following a systematic review and assessment of the literature in the PubMed database from January 1976 to June 2022. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology.

Innovations in urolithiasis management.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides a forecast about ongoing developments in the management of urolithiasis with a potential to challenge the current standard of care. We therefore emphasized innovative technology, which might be considered still experimental in the daily clinic or needs further clinical validation, but harbors the great potential to become a game changer for future stone management.

Recent Findings: Especially in the endoscopic stone treatment, we observed a multitude of groundbreaking technical innovations, which changed our treatment algorithms over the last decades.

Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: evaluation of minimal invasive exit strategies after percutaneous stone treatment.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an updated overview of different exit strategies for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in times of miniaturization and minimal invasive surgery.

Recent Findings: The majority of the reported studies concluded that a tubeless procedure is associated with less patient discomfort and a shorter hospital stay compared to the standard PCNL. Additionally, no significant difference in the complication rate was observed, including postoperative fever, hematocrit decrease, stone-free rate, and urine extravasation.

Radiation exposure during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS): a prospective multicenter evaluation.

Purpose: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) may require extensive X-ray usage. We evaluated the impact of preoperative surgeon briefing regarding the inclusion and evaluation of fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP) in a multicenter study on the applied X-ray usage.

Methods: A prospective multicenter study of 6 tertiary centers was performed.

Substantial radiation dose reduction with consistent image quality using a novel low-dose stone composition protocol.

Purpose: To assess a novel low-dose CT-protocol, combining a 150 kV spectral filtration unenhanced protocol (Sn150 kVp) and a stone-targeted dual-energy CT (DECT) in patients with urolithiasis.

Methods: 232 (151 male, 49 ± 16.4 years) patients with urolithiasis received a low-dose non-contrast enhanced CT (NCCT) for suspected urinary stones either on a third-generation dual-source CT system (DSCT) using Sn150 kVp (n = 116, group 1), or on a second-generation DSCT (n = 116 group 2) using single energy (SE) 120 kVp.

The effect of focus size and intensity on stone fragmentation in SWL on a piezoelectric lithotripter.

Purpose: We aim to analyze the efficacy of different focus sizes and the influence of pulse pressure (intensity) during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in terms of stone fragmentation.

Methods: Combination of three focal sizes (F1 = 2 mm, F2 = 4 mm, F3 = 8 mm) and 11 output pressure settings (intensity 10-20) of a piezoelectric lithotripter (Wolf PiezoLith 3000) were tested on artificial stones (n = 99). The stones were placed within a 2 mm mesh cage.

Artificial intelligence: the future of urinary stone management?

Purpose Of Review: To investigate the application of artificial intelligence in the management of nephrolithiasis.

Recent Findings: Although rising, the number of publications on artificial intelligence for the management of urinary stone disease is still low. Most publications focus on diagnostic tools and prediction of outcomes after clinical interventions.

Sex differences in the therapy of kidney and ureteral stones.

Purpose Of Review: Better understanding of sex differences affecting urolithiasis may help us offer tailored treatment strategies to our patients.

Recent Findings: The incidence of urolithiasis is increasing and the male-to-female ratio has decreased from 3 : 1 to 1.3 : 1 between 1970 and 2000.

Congenital and acquired diseases related to stone formation.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the latest findings of congenital and acquired diseases related to stone formation and help understanding the multitude of cofactors related to urolithiasis.

Recent Findings: Urolithiasis is related to a broad spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases and its management varies according to the stone type, underlying disease or recurrence rate, but it also changes according to recent findings and developments. As prevalence of urolithiasis is constantly increasing, identification of high-risk stone formers and early treatment is essential.

Surviving murine experimental sepsis affects the function and morphology of the inner ear.

Severe sepsis is known to result in various neurological long-term deficits in human. Recently, a link between severe, lethal sepsis and significant hearing loss with correlating histomorphological inner ear changes in mice (C57BL/6) was observed. However, if similar observations can be made in severe, non-lethal sepsis in mice is unclear.

Increased melanogenesis in cultured epidermal melanocytes from patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF 1).

Melanocyte cultures from the normally pigmented skin of patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF 1) have a higher melanin content than those from the skin of healthy donors. An additional increase in the amount of melanin per cell was found in 5 out of 6 lines of melanocytes derived from café au lait macules of NF 1 patients. Omission of the tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate from the culture medium brings about a comparable increase in the melanin content in all three kinds of melanocyte cultures.

Preparative free solution isoelectric focusing of human erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase in an ampholyte pH gradient.

A free solution electrofocusing method for uroporphyrinogen I synthase (EC 4.3.1.

Kinetics and inhibition studies of catechol O-methyltransferase from the yeast Candida tropicalis.

The Kms for esculetin and S-adenosyl-L-methionine for catechol O-methyltransferase from the yeast Candida tropicalis were 6.2 and 40 microM, respectively. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine was a very potent competitive inhibitor with respect to S-adenosyl-L-methionine, with a Ki of 6.

Isolation of the low-molecular-mass form of catechol O-methyltransferase from rat liver and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme in the glycogen compartment.

The low-molecular-mass form of two distinct catechol O-methyltransferase activities (S-adenosyl-L-methionine: catechol O-methyltransferase, COMT, EC 2.1.1.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of catechol methyltransferase in Candida tropicalis.

Catechol methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine : catechol O-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.

Immunological studies of catechol methyltransferase from the yeast Candida tropicalis.

Immunization of rabbits with purified catechol methyltransferase from Candida tropicalis yielded a potent antiserum. Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis showed a single precipitin line. There was no cross reactivity with the catechol methyltransferase from rat and bovine liver.

The influence of estradiol and adriamycin on the RNA biosynthesis in breast cancer.

The extent of the relationship between hormone dependence and cytostatica sensitivity of the tumors was examined for primary breast cancers under standardized in vitro conditions. The effects of estradiol and adriamycin on the RNA biosynthesis in the tumor cells were compared on the basis of the 3H-uridine incorporation in a short-term test system. Estradiol particularly influenced the RNA metabolism of higly differentiated carcinomas, whereas adriamycin exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on the RNA synthesis in the tumor cells of undifferentiated carcinomas.