Survey evidence on public support for AI safety oversight.

A number of AI safety concerns are being increasingly discussed by experts, including misinformation, invasion of privacy, job displacement, and criminal misuse. Two exploratory studies conducted in Germany and Spain (combined n = 2864) provide evidence that the general public largely supports strict oversight over safety of commercial artificial intelligence research. Among the factors that are associated with preferences for strict oversight are age, anticipated job displacement, innovativeness, and risk, time and altruistic preferences.

F-FLT PET and Blood-based Biomarkers for Identifying Gastrointestinal Graft versus Host Disease after Allogeneic Cell Transplantation.

Purpose To determine whether fluorine 18 (F) fluorothymidine (FLT) PET imaging alone or combined with Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) biomarkers could help identify subclinical gastrointestinal graft versus host disease (GI-GVHD) by day 100 following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods F-FLT PET imaging was analyzed in a prospective pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Aberrantly Expressed Mitochondrial Lipid Kinase, AGK Activates JAK2-Histone H3 Axis and BCR Signal: A Mechanistic Study with Implication in CLL Therapy.

Purpose: Although the B-cell receptor (BCR) signal plays a critical role in CLL cell survival and a target of current therapies (ibrutinib targets Bruton's tyrosine kinase; idelalisib targets PI3Kδ), contribution of the cytokine-driven JAK2 pathway to the "CLL cell-survival signaling network" is largely undefined.

Experimental Design: CLL patients were enrolled to investigate expression/activation of JAK2 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK), and their functional implication in primary CLL cell survival. A series of biochemical and molecular biology assays were employed to uncover the underlying mechanism.

Pregnancy loss in individuals with von Willebrand disease and unspecified mucocutaneous bleeding disorders: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: While bleeding around pregnancy is well described in von Willebrand disease (VWD), the risk of pregnancy loss is less certain.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the frequency of pregnancy loss in females with VWD compared with those with a similar mucocutaneous bleeding phenotype and no VWD or compared with nonbleeding disorder controls.

Methods: Female patients were consecutively approached in 8 specialty bleeding disorder clinics between 2014 and 2023.

The effect of whole blood resuscitation on in-hospital mortality: A propensity score weighted analysis of patients treated at a Level I trauma center.

Background: Whole blood (WB) transfusion, compared with blood component therapy (CT), has been shown to have superior outcomes in the military population. However, whether this translates to the civilian population remains understudied. This study sought to determine the effect of WB on short-term in-hospital outcomes.

Understanding users of online energy efficiency counseling: comparison to representative samples in Norway.

Introduction: To achieve substantial energy efficiency improvements in the privately owned building stock, it is important to communicate with potential renovators at the right point in time and provide them with targeted information to strengthen their renovation ambitions. The European Union recommends using one-stop-shops (OSSs), which provide information and support throughout the whole process, from planning to acquisition of funding, implementation, and evaluation as a measure to remove unnecessary barriers.

Methods: For this paper, we invited visitors of two Norwegian websites with OSS characteristics to answer an online survey about their renovation plans and energy efficiency ambitions.

Distinct leukocyte populations and cytokine secretion profiles define tumoral and peritumoral areas in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy frequently diagnosed at the metastatic stage. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in RCC patients, including the peritumoral tissue microenvironment, to characterize the phenotypic patterns and functional characteristics of infiltrating immune cells. T cells from various compartments (peripheral blood, tumor, peritumoral area, and adjacent healthy renal tissue) were assessed using flow cytometry and Luminex analyses, both before and after T cell-specific stimulation, to evaluate activation status and migratory potential.

Accuracy of Parent-Measured Weight and Height of Preschool Children at Home With Increasing Levels of Instruction.

The purpose of this study was to determine how accurately parents measure their preschool child's weight and height with increasing levels of instruction. Parents measured their child's ( = 30 dyads) weight (own weight scale) and height (soft tape measure) using three levels of instruction: instructional guide (level 1); guide, demonstration video (level 2); and guide, video, and virtual monitoring (level 3), which were compared to researcher measurements (electronic weight scale, Stadiometer). Paired -tests were used to determine differences between researcher and parent measurements and between the three parent levels.

Combining Probability and Nonprobability Samples by Using Multivariate Mass Imputation Approaches with Application to Biomedical Research.

Nonprobability samples have been used frequently in practice including public health study, economics, education, and political polls. Naïve estimates based on nonprobability samples without any further adjustments may suffer from serious selection bias. Mass imputation has been shown to be effective in practice to improve the representativeness of nonprobability samples.

Mobile Application Measurement of Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Their Association with Dysmenorrhea and Activity Limitation in Early Adolescents.

Objective: Real-time tracking of menstrual bleeding is a barrier to research due to limitations with traditional data collection tools. This prospective cohort study utilized a mobile application (TDot app) in young adolescents aged 10-14 years to assess the relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), dysmenorrhea, and activity limitation.

Methods: Menstrual cycles were captured over six months in real-time using the Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC).

Pathologic Nodal Staging Before SBRT for Early-stage NSCLC Does Not Impact Overall Survival: A Propensity Score-matched NCDB Analysis.

Objective: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCLC) is increasingly utilized. We sought to assess overall survival (OS) for early-stage NSCLC patients receiving SBRT depending on staging method.

Methods: Early-stage NSCLC patients treated with definitive SBRT were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), and OS was determined based on method of staging.

Cattle-FRETS71, a novel fluorogenic substrate with broad applicability for characterizing ADAMTS13 properties and function.

Background: Current ADAMTS13 activity assays are important for diagnosing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) but are unreliable to assay ADAMTS13 activity in animal models. The Cattle-FRETS71 assay is capable of detecting ADAMTS13 activity in plasma from multiple animal species, making it a potentially useful reagent at all stages of clinical research. The performance of Cattle-FRETS71 in TTP diagnosis is not yet known.

Is environmental behavior related to economic risk preferences? An exploratory case by case analysis.

Do risk preferences play a role when deciding whether to act pro-environmentally? Looking at 28 different behaviors case by case - including recycling, waste reduction, energy and water conservation, consumer behavior, and environmental policy support - our data suggest no relation between most of the behaviors and economic risk preferences. However, economic risk preferences appear to have some relevance for travel mode choice and for specific consumer preferences (eco-friendly detergents, organic food, and single-use plastics), perhaps because people are better able to appreciate aspects of these behaviors related to risk (e.g.

Pregnancy-related thromboembolism in women with sickle cell disease: An analysis of National Medicaid Data.

Pregnancy and sickle cell disease (SCD) both individually carry a risk of thromboembolism (TE). Pregnancy in people with SCD may further enhance the prothrombotic effect of the underlying disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate and risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis in pregnant people with SCD.

Chamber Protection of Zinc with Ethylhexanoic Acid.

Chamber protection is a promising and quickly developing method of vapor-phase protection of metals against atmospheric corrosion by inhibitors. It was shown that chamber treatment with 2-ethylhexanoic acid (EHA) efficiently inhibits the initiation of zinc corrosion. The optimum conditions (temperature and duration) of zinc treatment with vapors of this compound were determined.

Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 - Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarker: A Clinical Study.

Background/aim: Serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1) is a proliferation biomarker that has been used as a diagnostic marker of several malignant diseases. However, there are limited data for prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients And Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analysed serum samples from 169 patients with biopsy confirmed PCa, who had been indicated for radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2013-2016.

Influence of participant and reviewer characteristics in application scores for a hematology research training program.

The American Society of Hematology Clinical Research Training Institute (CRTI) is a clinical research training program with a competitive application process. The objectives were to compare application scores based on applicant and reviewer sex and underrepresented minority (URM) status. We included applications to CRTI from 2003 to 2019.