Forensic Investigation of Rare Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Two Case Reports.

This article describes two cases of rare surgical complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and the resulting forensic investigations. The first case involved damage to the skull base and intracerebral artery, leading to a fatal cerebrovascular event, while the second case involved destruction of the medial orbital wall. The clinical and pathological findings are described in detail for each case.

Mortality in Cases of Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Children: A 10-Year Retrospective Study of the Moscow Region, Russia.

Background: Russia suffers from high alcohol-related mortality. Most forensic autopsies in Russia include blood alcohol tests, but a systematic analysis of these data has never been conducted for children's deaths.

Methods: We performed an analysis of juvenile mortality using autopsy reports from the Moscow Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018.

Acute lethal poisonings in children: a 10-year retrospective study of the Moscow Region, Russia.

Background: Poisoning is a critical public health problem. Toxic substances differ across time, region and age. Little is known about poisoning in Russia, and even less is known about lethal poisoning in children in Russia.

[NOTHROMBEL EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF PLATELET-LEUKOCYTE COMPLEXES INDUCED BY THROMBIN].

The effects of the Nothrombel on the formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes (PLCs) induced by thrombin was studied. It was shown, that Nothrombel dose-dependently inhibited the formation of PLCs. Its activity is higher than the activity of the comparison compounds Aspirin.

[COMPARISON OF CHRONIC ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF IEM-2062, SODIUM VALPROATE AND ME-MANTINE IN THE PENTYLENETETRAZOL KINDLING MODEL IN RATS].

IEM-2062 [1-(6-aminohexylamino)-1-phenylcyclohexyl dihydrochloride], causing a combined block NMDA and AMPA receptors, after chronic oral administration in doses, respectively, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, induce maximal anticonvulsant effect in the pentylenetetrazol kindling rats because decrease the number of completely kindling rats by 100 %, and also decrease in 2.5-3.

[NOTHROMBEL EFFECT ON THE EXPRESSION OF MEMBRANE COMPLEX GPIb-IX-V PLATELETS ACTIVATED BY THROMBIN].

The influence of Nothrombel on the expression of membrane complex GPIb-IX-V of platelets activated by thrombin was studied. It is established that Nothrombel reduced thrombin-induced expression of complex GPIb-IX-V on the membrane of the activated platelets. The inhibitory activity of Nothrombel on the expression of GPIb (CD42b) was comparable to its activity with respect to GPIX (CD42a) and is equal to 43 %.

Molecular mechanism of modulation of nociceptive neuron membrane excitability by a tripeptide.

Using the whole-cell patch-clamp method, the ability of arginine-containing tripeptide Ac-RER-NH2, dipeptide Ac-RR-NH2, and free Arg molecule to modulate the membrane excitability of nociceptors was studied. Extracellular Ac-RER-NH2 upon interaction with the outer membrane of the nociceptive neuron decreases the Zeff value of the activation gating system of Nav1.8 channels.

Comparison of Pharmacological Potency and Safety of Glutamate Blocker IEM-1913 and Memantine.

Adamantane-containing glutamate blocker IEM-1913 (1-amino-4-(1-adamantane-amino)-butane dihydrochloride) equals to memantine in antiparkinsonian potency, but surpasses it in anticonvulsive, antidepressant, and analgesic activities. Moreover, its use is less toxic and safer. IEM-1913 produces significant pharmacological effects at a wide concentration diapason (0.

Neuroprotective activity of creatylglycine ethyl ester fumarate.

Background: We have recently shown neuroprotective activity of the creatine amides in the focal cerebral ischemia in rats on the 280 mg/kg administration. In the present study, neuroprotective properties of creatylglycine ethyl ester fumarate (CrGEt) in rats with focal cerebral ischemia were explored in a wide dosage range (30-280 mg/kg, intravenous and intragastric).

Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

[Stimulation of gastric mucosa afferents by phenylephrine potentiates anticonvulsive and eliminates sedative action of sodium valproate in the pentylenetetrazol kindling model in rats].

Sodium valproate after chronic intragastric administration in the high dose of 100-200 mg/kg eliminates generalized clonic-tonic pentylenetetrazol seizures in 100 % of rats, but only in 33-57 % of rats it prevents local clonic kindling seizures. Strong sedation is induced by the specified doses of sodium valproate. The combined oral chronic administration of phenylephrine in threshold, noneffective alone dose of 0.

[Influence of new N,N'-substituted piperazines on thrombin-induced platelet activation].

We have studied the influence of new N,N'-substituted piperazines with variable nature of the linker between piperazine and aromatic cycles (carbonyl group in VR-0411 versus sulfonyl group in VR-0511) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization in platelets, and P-selectin exposure on the platelet plasma membrane. The inhibitory effect of VR-0511 on platelet aggregation exceeds the effects of the reference compound aspirin and VR-0411 by 35 and 42%, respectively (p < or = 0.01).

Combined blockade of NMDA and AMPA receptors prevents acute kainate seizures and chronic kainate lethality in rats.

Single intramuscular injection of selective of NMDA receptor blocker memantine in the maximum dose of 20 mg/kg prevented the development of acute generalized tonic-clonic kainate seizures in 60% rats, but did not alleviate clonic kainate seizures and prevented chronic kainate lethality in only 30% rats. Intramuscular injection of NBQX, a selective blocker of AMPA receptors (10 mg/kg), produced more pronounced anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects: it prevented generalized kainate seizures and chronic kainate lethality in 100 and 80% rats, respectively. However, even the high dose of NBQX prevented the clonic kainate seizures only in 30% rats.

[Combined blockade of AMPA- and NMDA-receptors has maximum effect to eliminate development of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in rats].

Peroral chronic administration the standard antiepileptic drug sodium valproate in a dose of 200 mg/kg eliminates development of generalized clonic-tonic pentylenetetrazol kindling seizures in 100% of rats, but only in 57% of rats this treatment prevents clonic kindling seizures. In the specified dose sodium valproate decreases in 1.7 times average severity of pentylenetetrazol kindling seizures compare with control.

[Creatine in a metabolism of cell and its protective action at brain ischemia].

The aim of this review was the discussion of creatine involvement in metabolism of nervous tissue cells. The questions of creatine penetration through the blood brain barrier and creatine transporter expression were raised. Also mechanisms of creatine protective effect were considered at experimental models of brain ischemia.

[Errors made by experts when implementing the Medical Criteria for the estimation of the severity of harm to human health].

This paper is devoted to the analysis of expert errors made in the course of implementation of the Medical Criteria for the estimation of the severity of harm to human health. In 2010, the Moscow Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise issued 11 180 primary expert judgments and acts of forensic medical examination of the total number of 26 196 expertises performed (43%). They include 2797 cases of severe harm to health, 2881 cases of moderate and 5502 cases of mild harm to health.

[Effect of intragastric creatine glycine ethylic ether fumarate administration in a rat model of occlusive ischemia].

The aim of the study was to investigate neuroprotective effect of creatine glycine ethylic ether fumarate (creamide). The methods involved intragastric administration of creamide in doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg twice a day for 10 days. Focal 30 minutes cerebral ischemia model by endovascular suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in a rat with subsequent reperfusion period for 48 hours was produced.

[Cytoprotective effect of creamide drug in the experimental model of the brain ischemia/reperfusion in rats].

The influence of creatine or its derivates on the cell energy potential may be one of the possibl approaches to induce neuroprotection. Effect of creamide (creatinylglycine ethylic ether fumarate) on the brain injury was studied in the experimental model of the brain ischemia/reperfusion in rats. The experiments were carried out in 14-20 weeks old male Wistar rats weighing 240-300 g, anesthetized by chloral hydrate (430 mg/kg).

[Amides of creatine: perspectives of neuroprotection].

We evaluated the efficacy of derivatives of creatine and amino acids (CrAA) for decreasing cerebral injury in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neuroprotective effects of amides of creatine and glycine (CrGlyOEt), phenylalanine (CrPheNH2), thyrosine (CrTyrNH2), and GABA (CrGABAOEt) were investigated. Brain injury was evaluated on day 2 after transient MCAO using a TTC staining of brain slices.

Creatinyl amino acids: new hybrid compounds with neuroprotective activity.

Prolonged oral creatine administration resulted in remarkable neuroprotection in experimental models of brain stroke. However, because of its polar nature creatine has poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without specific creatine transporter (CRT). Thus, synthesis of hydrophobic derivatives capable of crossing the BBB by alternative pathway is of great importance for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological diseases including stroke, traumatic brain injury and hereditary CRT deficiency.

Role of methionine in the active site of alpha-galactosidase from Trichoderma reesei.

alpha-Galactosidase from Trichoderma reesei when treated with H2O2 shows a 12-fold increase in activity towards p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside. A similar effect is produced by the treatment of alpha-galactosidase with other non-specific oxidants: NaIO4, KMnO4 and K4S4O8. In addition to the increase in activity, the Michaelis constant rises from 0.

[Cyclic analogs of enkephalin with disulfide bridges between the second and fifth positions].

Biological activity of the enkephalin cyclic analogues with a disulphide bridge between second and fifth positions, and the dependence of the activity on the cycle size, disulfide bridge localization and configuration of the amino acid residues have been studied. The analogues were synthesized by chemical approach with the use of pentafluorophenyl esters. The cyclization was carried out at the C-terminal tetrapeptide stage by iodine in methanol after removing benzyl protecting groups from thiol groups of cysteine and homocysteine by sodium in liquid ammonia.