Semi-natural habitats mitigate the impact of food shortage on honey bees in farmlands.

Landscape simplification and the loss of semi-natural habitats are identified as important drivers of insect pollinator decline in farmlands, by disrupting the availability of floral resources and facilitating the occurrence of food shortages. Food shortages can lead to accelerated behavioral maturation in honey bees, with potential consequences for colony survival. However, little is known about the magnitude of behavioral maturation mediated by to food shortage under real field conditions, and whether it could be mitigated by the presence of semi-natural habitats.

How stressors disrupt honey bee biological traits and overwintering mechanisms.

High winter mortality of honey bees () has been observed in temperate regions over the past 30 years. Several biotic and abiotic stressors associated with winter colony losses have been identified, but the mechanisms and interactions underlying their effects remain unclear. We reviewed the effects of stressors on key overwintering biological traits, distinguishing between individual and colony traits.

Major open questions in the hepatitis B and D field - Proceedings of the inaugural International emerging hepatitis B and hepatitis D researchers workshop.

The early and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) of scientific communities represent the forefront of research and the future direction in which a field takes. The opinions of this key demographic are not commonly aggregated to audit fields and precisely demonstrate where challenges lie for the future. To address this, we initiated the inaugural International Emerging Researchers Workshop for the global Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D scientific community (75 individuals).

Comparative analysis of human, rodent and snake deltavirus replication.

The recent discovery of Hepatitis D (HDV)-like viruses across a wide range of taxa led to the establishment of the Kolmioviridae family. Recent studies suggest that kolmiovirids can be satellites of viruses other than Hepatitis B virus (HBV), challenging the strict HBV/HDV-association dogma. Studying whether kolmiovirids are able to replicate in any animal cell they enter is essential to assess their zoonotic potential.

JAK1 promotes HDV replication and is a potential target for antiviral therapy.

Background & Aims: Chronic co-infection with HBV and HDV leads to the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. To date, no treatment induces efficient viral clearance, and a better characterization of virus-host interactions is required to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Methods: Using loss-of-function strategies, we validated the unexpected proviral activity of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) - a key player in innate immunity - in the HDV life cycle and determined its mechanism of action on HDV through various functional analyses including co-immunoprecipitation assays.

Novel non-HAP class A HBV capsid assembly modulators have distinct and profiles.

Chronic hepatitis B is the most important cause of liver cancer worldwide and affects more than 290 million people. Current treatments are mostly suppressive and rarely lead to a cure. Therefore, there is a need for novel and curative drugs that target the host or the causative agent, hepatitis B virus itself.

Class A capsid assembly modulator RG7907 clears HBV-infected hepatocytes through core-dependent hepatocyte death and proliferation.

Background And Aims: Effective therapies leading to a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B are still lacking. Class A capsid assembly modulators (CAM-As) are an attractive modality to address this unmet medical need. CAM-As induce aggregation of the HBV core protein (HBc) and lead to sustained HBsAg reductions in a chronic hepatitis B mouse model.

Reintroducing genetic diversity in populations from cryopreserved material: the case of Abondance, a French local dairy cattle breed.

Background: Genetic diversity is a necessary condition for populations to evolve under natural adaptation, artificial selection, or both. However, genetic diversity is often threatened, in particular in domestic animal populations where artificial selection, genetic drift and inbreeding are strong. In this context, cryopreserved genetic resources are a promising option to reintroduce lost variants and to limit inbreeding.

Polymorphisms within DIO2 and GADD45A genes increase the risk of liver disease progression in chronic hepatitis b carriers.

The study enrolled 284 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Participants included people with mild fibrotic lesions (32.5%), moderate to severe fibrotic lesions (27.

Hepatitis D virus interferes with hepatitis B virus RNA production via interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Background & Aims: Chronic coinfection with HBV and HDV leads to the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the widely reported observation that HDV interferes with HBV in most coinfected patients.

Methods: Patient liver tissues, primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells and human liver chimeric mice were used to analyze the effect of HDV on HBV using virological and RNA-sequencing analyses, as well as RNA synthesis, stability and association assays.

Cell-based cccDNA reporter assay combined with functional genomics identifies YBX1 as HBV cccDNA host factor and antiviral candidate target.

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. A key feature of HBV replication is the synthesis of the covalently close circular (ccc)DNA, not targeted by current treatments and whose elimination would be crucial for viral cure. To date, little is known about cccDNA formation.

A stable hepatitis D virus-producing cell line for host target and drug discovery.

Chronic hepatitis D is the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. It is caused by super-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatocytes with hepatitis D virus (HDV). While the recent conditional approval of bulevirtide for HDV treatment offers a new therapeutic modality in Europe, there is an unmet medical need to further improve therapy.

Signaling Induced by Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Dependence and Consequences.

Chronic viral hepatitis is a main cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are striking similarities in the pathological impact of hepatitis B, C, and D, although these diseases are caused by very different viruses. Paired with the conventional study of protein-host interactions, the rapid technological development of -omics and bioinformatics has allowed highlighting the important role of signaling networks in viral pathogenesis.

Capsid Assembly Modulators as Antiviral Agents against HBV: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.

Despite a preventive vaccine being available, more than 250 million people suffer from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a major cause of liver disease and HCC. HBV infects human hepatocytes where it establishes its genome, the cccDNA with chromosomal features. Therapies controlling HBV replication exist; however, they are not sufficient to eradicate HBV cccDNA, the main cause for HBV persistence in patients.

Loss of hepatitis D virus infectivity upon farnesyl transferase inhibitor treatment associates with increasing RNA editing rates revealed by a new RT-ddPCR method.

Chronic hepatitis D is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis and to date, efficient therapeutic approaches against hepatitis D virus (HDV) are limited. Among the antiviral molecules currently tested in clinical trials, the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) Lonafarnib inhibits the prenylation of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg), blocking virus assembly. Given the importance of L-HDAg in the virus life cycle, we hypothesized that Lonafarnib treatment may have side effects on virus replication.

Is Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosal Extracellular Matrix (ECM) a Suitable Material for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction in Association With Pulmonary Valve Replacement?

Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction is a common congenital cardiac operation. Porcine submucosal intestinal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) patches have been used for RVOT reconstruction. We present 2 adult patients with Tetralogy of Fallot who underwent PVR with RVOT reconstruction utilizing ECM.

Modelling the effects of the repellent scent marks of pollinators on their foraging efficiency and the plant-pollinator community.

Pollinator insects forage in complex and unpredictable resource landscapes, often using social information from congeneric individuals to acquire knowledge about their environment. It has long been recognized that this process allows them to exploit floral resources more efficiently and thus increase individual fitness. However, by creating correlations between the behaviors of pollinators within a population, this could also indirectly influence the entire plant-pollinator community.