The Relationships Among Neighborhood Disadvantage, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Diagnoses, and Race/Ethnicity in a U.S. Urban Location.

Childhood health disparities by race have been found. Neighborhood disadvantage, which may result from racism, may impact outcomes. The aim of the study is to describe the distribution of mental health (MH) and developmental disabilities (DD) diagnosis across Child Opportunity Index (COI) levels by race/ethnicity.

First-line Behavioral Health Treatment Prior to Stimulant or Alpha-2 Agonist Use for Preschoolers on Kentucky Medicaid in 2017.

Objective: We aimed to assess the degree to which the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) clinical guidelines were followed when treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers.

Method: Using Medicaid claims for children 4 to 5 years of age receiving their first dose of stimulants/alpha-2 agonists in 2017 ( = 836), we determined if BH was received prior to initiation of medication. We examined predictors after controlling for confounders.

Pediatrician Guidance in Supporting Families of Children Who Are Adopted, Fostered, or in Kinship Care.

The child welfare system strives to provide children and adolescents in foster care with a safe, nurturing environment through kinship and nonkinship foster care placement with the goal of either reunification with birth parents or adoption. Pediatricians can support families who care for children and adolescents who are fostered and adopted while attending to children's medical needs and helping each child attain their developmental potential. Although this report primarily focuses on children in the US child welfare system, private and internationally adopted children often have similar needs.

Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the Newly Adopted Child.

Children who join families through the process of adoption, whether through a domestic or international route, often have multiple health care needs. Pediatricians and other health care personnel are in a unique position to guide families in achieving optimal health for the adopted children as families establish a medical home. Shortly after placement in an adoptive home, it is recommended that children have a timely comprehensive health evaluation to provide care for known medical needs and identify health issues that are unknown.

Evaluation of the factor structure of the obstacles to engagement scale with low-income african american parents.

Objective: Parenting anticipatory guidance is one way to promote optimal child health and development and minimize disparities between children from lower socio-economic status families and their higher income peers. However, low rates of attendance at and completion of parenting programs has been demonstrated. Understanding barriers to participation has important implications.

Care of adolescent parents and their children.

Teen pregnancy and parenting remain an important public health issue in the United States and the world, and many children live with their adolescent parents alone or as part of an extended family. A significant proportion of teen parents reside with their family of origin, significantly affecting the multigenerational family structure. Repeated births to teen parents are also common.

The pediatrician's role in supporting adoptive families.

Each year, more children join families through adoption. Pediatricians have an important role in assisting adoptive families in the various challenges they may face with respect to adoption. The acceptance of the differences between families formed through birth and those formed through adoption is essential in promoting positive emotional growth within the family.

Comprehensive health evaluation of the newly adopted child.

Children who join families through the process of adoption often have multiple health care needs. After placement in an adoptive home, it is essential that these children have a timely comprehensive health evaluation. This evaluation should include a review of all available medical records and a complete physical examination.

Including African Americans in health care research.

The inclusion of minority populations, particularly African Americans (AAs), in health care research has been and continues to be challenging. Including AAs in health care research will address the health disparities observed between Caucasian and AA populations and may reduce the disparities in disease incidence and prevalence between these groups. To include more AAs in health care research, the research team must strive to build relationships, linkages, and mutual respect with the target AA community they wish to study.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with prolonged vaccine dosing intervals.

Introduction: Universal infant heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) immunization, dosed near to the originally recommended schedule of a 3-dose series in the first 6 months of life, then a booster between 12 and 15 months, should reduce nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) PCV-7 types. The reduced availability of PCV-7 altered immunization schedules, particularly for third and fourth PCV-7 doses. We evaluated NP colonization in relation to originally recommended intervals and numbers of PCV-7 doses.