Very preterm infants displayed similar imitation skills to full-term infants at term equivalent age.

Aim: Very preterm infants are exposed to an atypical environment that could alter their developmental trajectory. We aimed to examine neonatal imitation, a foundation of social cognition, in very preterm and full-term infants.

Methods: In Strasbourg, France, between 2015 and 2018, we prospectively investigated the development of imitation skills.

Rouxiella chamberiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from parenteral nutrition bags.

Parenteral nutrition bags for newborns were found contaminated by a previously undescribed member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The six isolates studied by rrs gene (encoding 16S rRNA) sequence analysis and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) formed a discrete branch close to the genera Ewingella, Rahnella, Yersinia,Hafnia and Serratia. Phenotypically, the new taxon was distinct from these five genera.

Multicenter study of prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis in france.

We performed a multicenter prevalence study of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) involving 1,582 patients (mean age, 18.9 years; male/female ratio, 1.06) with cystic fibrosis in France.

An unusual presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism: severe hypercalcemia and multiple brown tumors.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is common, particularly in postmenopausal women. Since the introduction of routine automated serum calcium assays and the development of assays for intact 1-84 parathyroid hormone, the diagnosis is usually made fortuitously in asymptomatic patients or during evaluation for osteoporosis. As a result, many physicians have no experience with the clinical manifestations.

Whipple disease revealed by musculocutaneous symptoms, with muscle biopsy cultures positive for Tropheryma whipplei.

A patient experienced sudden onset of musculocutaneous symptoms 3 years after being diagnosed with polyarthritis. Biopsies from the duodenum, skin, and muscle established the diagnosis of Whipple disease. Cultures of muscle biopsy specimens grew Tropheryma whipplei.

Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to an increasing number of second-line drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are becoming a threat to public health worldwide. We surveyed the Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories for M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to second-line anti-TB drugs during 2000-2004.

Insights into the evolutionary history of tubercle bacilli as disclosed by genetic rearrangements within a PE_PGRS duplicated gene pair.

Background: The highly homologous PE_PGRS (Proline-glutamic acid_polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence) genes are members of the PE multigene family which is found only in mycobacteria. PE genes are particularly abundant within the genomes of pathogenic mycobacteria where they seem to have expanded as a result of gene duplication events. PE_PGRS genes are characterized by their high GC content and extensive repetitive sequences, making them prone to recombination events and genetic variability.

Mycobacterium heckeshornense tenosynovitis.

We describe the first case of tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium heckeshornense, a mycobacterium characterized in 2000 and only incriminated in a few previous cases of infections. Molecular identification of this pathogen included 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing. M.

Predominance of ancestral lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in India.

Although India has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in India is largely unknown. A collection of 91 isolates originating from 12 different regions spread across the country were analyzed by genotyping using 21 loci with variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs), by spoligotyping, by principal genetic grouping (PGG), and by deletion analysis of M. tuberculosis-specific deletion region 1.

Arthritis due to Mycobacterium xenopi: a retrospective study of 7 cases in France.

Background: Mycobacterium xenopi is a nontuberculous mycobacterium responsible for opportunistic and nosocomial infections, chiefly of the lung; few cases of bone and joint infection have been reported. From July 1989 through May 1993, an outbreak of 58 cases of nosocomial discitis due to M. xenopi infection following percutaneous nucleotomy occurred in a French hospital.

Extrasynovial ultrasound abnormalities in the psoriatic finger. Prospective comparative power-doppler study versus rheumatoid arthritis.

We prospectively compared power Doppler ultrasound findings in 25 fingers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 25 fingers with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Erosive synovitis and tenosynovitis were seen in both groups. Extrasynovial changes were found in 21/24 (84%) fingers with PsA versus none of the fingers with RA.

Against all odds: molecular confirmation of an implausible case of bone tuberculosis.

We report the use of typing based on a variable number of tandem repeats of genetic elements called "mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units" to clarify a puzzling situation involving a patient with an exceptional case of spondylodiskitis that initially led to the suspicion of a possible event of laboratory cross-contamination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology.

Background: The Direct Repeat locus of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a member of the CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) sequences family. Spoligotyping is the widely used PCR-based reverse-hybridization blotting technique that assays the genetic diversity of this locus and is useful both for clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiology, evolutionary and population genetics. It is easy, robust, cheap, and produces highly diverse portable numerical results, as the result of the combination of (1) Unique Events Polymorphism (UEP) (2) Insertion-Sequence-mediated genetic recombination.

Prevalence of Haarlem I and Beijing types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Iranian and Afghan MDR-TB patients.

Objectives: This survey identified the spoligopatterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with an international designation responsible for transmission and prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among native and immigrant population of Tehran (2000-2005).

Methods: The spacer oligonucleotides typing was performed on 263 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from verified cases of MDR-TB.

Mycobacterium mucogenicum sepsis in an immunocompetent patient.

We report a case of Mycobacterium mucogenicum sepsis in an immunocompetent woman with Münchausen syndrome presenting with multiple abscesses.

Diagnosed tuberculosis during the follow-up of a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: ANRS 1278 study.

Introduction: Most data on tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in Africa come from hospital-based and cross-sectional studies.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected children participating in an observational cohort.

Methods: HIV-infected children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, are followed in a prospective cohort.

Ancient origin and gene mosaicism of the progenitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The highly successful human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an extremely low level of genetic variation, which suggests that the entire population resulted from clonal expansion following an evolutionary bottleneck around 35,000 y ago. Here, we show that this population constitutes just the visible tip of a much broader progenitor species, whose extant representatives are human isolates of tubercle bacilli from East Africa. In these isolates, we detected incongruence among gene phylogenies as well as mosaic gene sequences, whose individual elements are retrieved in classical M.

Acitretin-induced enthesitis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis.

A patient with psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis took acitretin for 10 years to treat his skin lesions. Radiographs disclosed exuberant ossifications in several entheses. Their features were not typical for psoriatic arthritis but were consistent with acitretin-induced hyperostosis.

Age-related prevalence and distribution of nontuberculous mycobacterial species among patients with cystic fibrosis.

We studied the prevalence and species distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in relation to age in 385 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (mean age +/- standard deviation [range], 12.0 +/- 6.1 [1 to 24] years; sex ratio, 0.

Use of the INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA assay (version 2) for identification of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex isolates.

Using INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA (Lipav1; Innogenetics) and the AccuProbe (Gen-Probe Inc./bioMérieux) techniques, 35 Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (MAC/MAIS) complex strains were identified between January 2000 and December 2002. Thirty-four of 35 isolates were positive only for the MAIS complex probe by Lipav1 and were further analyzed by INNO-LiPA-MYCOBACTERIA version 2 (Lipav2), hsp65 PCR restriction pattern analysis (PRA), and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), hsp65, and 16S rRNA sequences.

Structural elucidation of the predominant motifs of the major cell wall arabinogalactan antigens from the borderline species Tsukamurella paurometabolum and Mycobacterium fallax.

Tsukamurella paurometabolum and Mycobacterium fallax are members of the suprageneric actinomycete group Corynebacterineae that possesses a cell wall skeleton composed of a peptidoglycan to which an arabinogalactan is covalently attached. This polysaccharide is further modified by esterification with C60-C80 mycolic acid residues in mycobacteria and T. paurometabolum.

Measurement of immunoglobulin G against Mycobacterial antigen A60 in patients with cystic fibrosis and lung infection due to Mycobacterium abscessus.

Background: The diagnosis and prognosis of lung infections due to the emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) Mycobacterium abscessus are difficult to establish in children with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: We evaluated the usefulness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum IgG antibodies against the ubiquitous mycobacterial antigen A60.

Results: A total of 186 patients with cystic fibrosis (mean age+/-SD, 12.