Anatomical measurements and field modeling to assess transcranial magnetic stimulation motor and non-motor effects.

Objective: Explore how anatomical measurements and field modeling can be leveraged to improve investigations of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects on both motor and non-motor TMS targets.

Methods: TMS motor effects (targeting the primary motor cortex [M1]) were evaluated using the resting motor threshold (rMT), while TMS non-motor effects (targeting the superior temporal gyrus [STG]) were assessed using a pain memory task. Anatomical measurements included scalp-cortex distance (SCD) and cortical thickness (CT), whereas field modeling encompassed the magnitude of the electric field (E) induced by TMS.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Measures in the Elderly: Reliability, Smallest Detectable Change and the Potential Influence of Lifestyle Habits.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to evaluate cortical function and corticospinal pathway in normal and pathological aging. Yet, the metrologic properties of TMS-related measurements is still limited in the aging population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to document the reliability and smallest detectable change of TMS measurements among community-dwelling seniors.