Urodynamic and morphometric characteristics of the lower urogenital tract of male Beagle littermates from four months to two years of age.

Objective: To describe functional and anatomic changes of the lower urogenital tract of healthy male dogs during the sexually immature period and up to 2 years of age by urodynamic and morphometric assessment.

Animals: 6 sexually intact male Beagle littermates.

Procedures: Dogs underwent electromyography-coupled urodynamic tests, CT-assisted retrograde urethrography, prostatic washes, and blood sampling monthly from 4 through 12 months of age and then at 3-month intervals.

Onset and duration of cis-atracurium neuromuscular block during fentanyl and lidocaine infusions in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs.

Background: This retrospective study assessed the onset and duration of the neuromuscular block (NMB) induced by cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg intravenously with and without fentanyl or lidocaine infusions in 45 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs.

Methods: Dogs with neuromuscular function assessed by a calibrated train-of-four (TOF) monitor with stimulation (every 13 s) of the peroneal nerve were included.