Position paper on how technology for human motion analysis and relevant clinical applications have evolved over the past decades: Striking a balance between accuracy and convenience.

Background: Over the past decades, tremendous technological advances have emerged in human motion analysis (HMA).

Research Question: How has technology for analysing human motion evolved over the past decades, and what clinical applications has it enabled?

Methods: The literature on HMA has been extensively reviewed, focusing on three main approaches: Fully-Instrumented Gait Analysis (FGA), Wearable Sensor Analysis (WSA), and Deep-Learning Video Analysis (DVA), considering both technical and clinical aspects.

Results: FGA techniques relying on data collected using stereophotogrammetric systems, force plates, and electromyographic sensors have been dramatically improved providing highly accurate estimates of the biomechanics of motion.

Exposure assessment and cytogenetic biomonitoring study of workers occupationally exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields.

Human cytogenetic biomonitoring (HCB) has long been used to evaluate the potential effects of work environments on the DNA integrity of workers. However, HCB studies on the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MFs) were limited by the quality of the exposure assessment. More specifically, concerns were raised regarding the method of exposure assessment, the selection of exposure metrics, and the definition of exposure group.

Psychological consequences of female genital mutilation: A mixed-method systematic review.

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM/C) defined as 'all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons' is a cultural practice having several consequences on women's health. Medical and sexual consequences have been documented, but the link between FGM/C and the development of psychological symptoms is not clearly established. The influence of contextual factors is poorly understood.

Effects of long-term exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields on cell viability, genetic damage, and sensitivity to mutagen-induced damage.

Until today, it remains controversial whether long-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) below the legislative exposure limits could result in adverse human health effects. In the present study, the effects of long-term MF exposure on three different study endpoints (cell viability, genetic damage, and sensitivity to damage induced by known mutagens) were investigated in the human B lymphoblastoid (TK6) cell line. Cells were exposed to 50 Hz MF at three selected magnetic flux densities (i.

Systematic Review of Obstetric and Neonatal Complications Associated With Female Genital Mutilation.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of obstetric and neonatal complications in women with female genital mutilation (FGM) compared to women without FGM.

Data Sources: Literature searches carried out on three scientific databases (CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and PubMed).

Study Selection: Selected observational studies published from 2010 to 2021 that assessed prolonged second phase of labor, vaginal outlet obstruction, emergency cesarean birth, perineal tear, instrumental births, episiotomy, and postpartum hemorrhage in women with and without FGM, as well as Apgar score and resuscitation of their newborns.

The use of time-of-flight camera to assess respiratory rates and thoracoabdominal depths in patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Introduction: Over the last 5 years, the analysis of respiratory patterns presents a growing usage in clinical and research purposes, but there is still currently a lack of easy-to-use and affordable devices to perform such kind of evaluation.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate a new specifically developed method, based on Kinect sensor, to assess respiratory patterns against spirometry under various conditions.

Methods: One hundred and one participants took parts in one of the three validations studies.

Impact of Sex and Velocity on Plantar Pressure Distribution during Gait: A Cross-Sectional Study Using an Instrumented Pressure-Sensitive Walkway.

In-shoe systems and pressure plates are used to assess plantar pressure during gait, but additional tools are employed to evaluate other gait parameters. The GAITRite® system is a clinical gait evaluation tool. Extensive literature is available for spatiotemporal parameters, but it is scarce for relative plantar pressure data.

International collaboration to improve physiotherapists' training, Viet Nam.

Problem: Like most low- and middle-income countries, Viet Nam has a scarcity of rehabilitation professionals and lacks training programmes that meet international standards.

Approach: In 2018, four Vietnamese medical universities, the Université Catholique de Louvain, the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Humanity & Inclusion charity and World Physiotherapy agreed to collaborate on strengthening pre-service education for physiotherapists in the country.

Local Setting: Viet Nam has a favourable environment for nurturing rehabilitation services and education: development funds have been available; government investment is increasing; and rehabilitation education has existed for many decades.

Influence of Speech and Cognitive Load on Balance and Timed up and Go.

The interaction between oral and/or mental cognitive tasks and postural control and mobility remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of speech production and cognitive load levels on static balance and timed up and go (TUG) during dual-task activities. Thirty healthy young subjects (25 ± 4 years old, 17 women) participated in this study.

Anatomical study of paratenons and fascia lata connections in the posteromedial knee region.

Introduction: In the last decade, fascia research increased significantly in various aspects such as anatomical and biomechanical features related to epimuscular force transmission.

Methods: The present anatomic study focuses on macroscopic observations of the potential gracilis and semitendinosus paratenons, as well as fascial surroundings connections in the posteromedial knee region on 17 lower-limbs dissections.

Results: The gracilis and semitendinosus expansions and paratenons were observed in all specimen and further connections with the fascia lata and crural fascia were demonstrated.

Percutaneous Sonographically Guided Release of Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger: Biomechanics, Clinical Results, Technical Developments.

The interventional use of sonography is growing fast, and percutaneous sonographically guided release is more and more used as minimally invasive treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome as well as trigger finger digit. The benefits of these procedures seem promising in clinical studies, but biomechanical studies comparing these procedures with open classical surgery are scarce. Minimally invasive releases of carpal tunnel and trigger finger could limit the phenomenon of tendon bowstringing observed after open surgery.

Three-Corner Arthrodesis (lunate - hamate - capitate) : clinical and kinematical evaluation.

In the absence of prosthetic arthroplasty offering good results for the treatment of wrist osteoarthritis, we studied the arthrodesis of three carpal bones (lunate - hamate - capitate) completed by triquetrum and scaphoid excision in the presence of Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) or Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC) stage II or III. Clinical data on eight patients between the ages of 32 and 61 years at an average of 29 months after surgery was analyzed. Seven patients reached fusion with a carpal height ratio of 0.

The biomechanical role of the lacertus fibrosus of the biceps brachii Muscle.

Purpose: The lacertus fibrosus (LF) is involved in various surgeries. However, the biomechanical contribution of the LF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the lacertus fibrosus on the elbow and forearm kinematics and on the biceps brachii muscle lever arms.

Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Women's Sexual Health - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) can leave a lasting mark on the lives and minds of those affected.

Aim: To assess the consequences of FGM on women's sexual function in women who have undergone FGM compared to women who have not undergone FGM.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted from 3 databases; inclusion and exclusion criterions were determined.

Effects of non-manipulative osteopathic management in addition to physical therapy and rehabilitation on clinical outcomes of ankylosing spondylitis patients: A preliminary randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is reported to impair quality of life, physical and functional ability of patients. Rehabilitation and physical therapy is usually proposed to improve AS patient clinical conditions. Besides, an osteopathic management has not been extensively studied in the field of inflammatory diseases.

The influence of cognitive load on static balance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may demonstrate cognitive function and balance deterioration. These two phenomena are often realized simultaneously during daily living activities, where the risk of falling may be increased due to possible postural disturbance when focusing on a cognitive task during motion. Despite the high rate of falls in COPD, there is currently a lack of affordable clinical instruments to quantify the interaction between cognitive tasks and static balance in these patients.

Biomechanics of the upper cervical spine ligaments in axial rotation and flexion-extension: Considerations into the clinical framework.

Context: The motion of the upper cervical spine (UCS) has a great interest for analyzing the biomechanical features of this joint complex, especially in case of instability. Although investigators have analyzed numerous kinematics and musculoskeletal characteristics, there are still little data available regarding several suboccipital ligaments such as occipito-atlantal, atlantoaxial, and cruciform ligaments.

Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the length and moment arm magnitudes of suboccipital ligaments and to integrate data into specific 3D-model, including musculoskeletal and motion representation.

50 Hz magnetic field long-term exposure: Cytogenetic tests on human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells and validation of the test environment.

Potential health effects of extremely low-frequency (electro)magnetic fields (ELF-(E)MFs) have long been investigated, but the results are still inconclusive. With respect to genotoxicity, sound data related to the effects of long-term exposure to ELF-(E)MFs on the genetic material and the impact of long-term pre-exposure to ELF-(E)MFs on the sensitivity of cells to the damage induced by known mutagens are needed. In this manuscript, an optimized protocol for a combined comet/micronucleus study to investigate these effects in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) is provided including the description of a well-validated exposure system.

Reaction Force Magnitude and Orientation During Supine Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation: An Exploratory Analysis and Reliability of Preload and Impulse Phase.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to explore specific kinetic parameters during supine thoracic thrust manipulation and to analyze task reliability and differences between various practitioners METHODS: Kinetic parameters were assessed by examining ground reaction force magnitude and orientation (on the basis of the zenithal angle) using force platforms. The manipulative procedure (consisting of the application of 3 preloads followed by 1 single thrust adjustment) was performed by different practitioners at 3 sessions. Application of thrust was allowed for trained practitioners only.

Morphometric analysis of the costal facet of the thoracic vertebrae.

Various studies have examined morphometric features of the vertebrae to understand the functional aspects of the spine. Geometric analysis of vertebral zygapophyseal facets has also been related to functional and clinical aspects of the spine, but no quantitative investigation of the costotransverse joint facet is found in the literature. The costal facet geometry may partly determine the mechanical interaction between the rib cage and spine for trunk stabilization during functional tasks and during breathing.

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE HIP ABDUCTOR ISOMETRIC ENDURANCE TEST: A NEW METHOD TO ASSESS THE ENDURANCE OF THE HIP ABDUCTORS.

Background: Substantial deficits in the performance of the hip abductor muscles are reported in females with common lower extremity conditions. In this context, the hip abductor isometric test (HAIE) test has been developed to assess the endurance of the hip abductors.

Purposes: The aims of the study were: 1) to assess the test-retest reliability of the HAIE test and 2) to determine if the HAIE test is valid for the measuring hip abductor muscle fatigue.

The use of cognitive mobile games to assess the interaction of cognitive function and breath-hold.

The relationship between cognitive function and breath-holding time is in need of further investigation. We aim to determine whether cognitive mobile games (CMG) are sensitive enough to assess the link between cognition and breath-holding time in non-trained subjects. Thirty-one healthy subjects participated in this study.

Metatarsal arch deformation and forefoot kinematics during gait in asymptomatic subjects.

This study aimed to investigate both foot arch-shaped architecture and forefoot kinematics during gait. Using a dedicated three-compartment forefoot subdivision, we studied asymptomatic subjects and quantified disorders related to the metatarsal arch. Foot motion and arch shape were measured in 30 healthy subjects with a motion-capture system and force plates.

Joint contact areas after radial head arthroplasty: a comparative study of 3 prostheses.

Background: Contact stresses of radial head prostheses remain a concern, potentially leading to early capitellar cartilage wear and erosion. In particular, point contact or edge loading could have a detrimental effect. The purpose of this study was to compare 3 different types of radial head prostheses in terms of joint contact areas with each other and with the native situation.