induces a novel form of innate immune memory via accumulation of NF-кB proteins.

is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen involved in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, ulceration, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric cancer. Immune responses aimed at eradication of often prove futile, and paradoxically play a crucial role in the degeneration of epithelial integrity and disease progression. We have previously shown that infection of primary human monocytes increases their potential to respond to subsequent bacterial stimuli - a process that may be involved in the generation of exaggerated, yet ineffective immune responses directed against the pathogen.