IL-10-Secreting CD8 T Cells Specific for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV): Generation, Maintenance and Phenotype.

HCMV-specific CD8 T-cells are potent anti-viral effector cells in HCMV infected individuals, but evidence from other viral infections suggests that CD8 T-cells can also produce the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. In this work we show that there are HCMV-specific IL-10 CD8 T-cell responses in a cohort of individuals aged 23-76 years of age, predominantly directed against the HCMV proteins known to be expressed during latent infections as well as towards the proteins US3 and pp71. The analysis of HCMV-specific responses established during primary infection has shown that the IL-10 responses to US3 and pp71 HCMV proteins are detectable in the first weeks post infection, but not the responses to latency-associated proteins, and this IL-10 response is produced by both CD8 and CD4 T-cells.

Cervical cell lift: A novel triage method for the spatial mapping and grading of precancerous cervical lesions.

Background: Primary HPV screening, due to its low specificity, requires an additional liquid-based cytology (LBC) triage test. However, even with LBC triage there has been a near doubling in the number of patients referred for colposcopy in recent years, the majority having low-grade disease.

Methods: To counter this, a triage test that generates a spatial map of the cervical surface at a molecular level has been developed which removes the subjectivity associated with LBC by facilitating identification of lesions in their entirety.

Human Cytomegalovirus Upregulates Expression of HCLS1 Resulting in Increased Cell Motility and Transendothelial Migration during Latency.

Human cytomegalovirus establishes a lifelong, latent infection in the human host and can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly, in immunocompromised individuals. One established site of HCMV latency and reactivation is in cells of the myeloid lineage. In undifferentiated myeloid cells, such as CD14+ monocytes, virus is maintained latently.

Monocytes Latently Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus Evade Neutrophil Killing.

One site of latency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vivo is in undifferentiated cells of the myeloid lineage. Although latently infected cells are known to evade host T cell responses by suppression of T cell effector functions, it is not known if they must also evade surveillance by other host immune cells. Here we show that cells latently infected with HCMV can, indeed, be killed by host neutrophils but only in a serum-dependent manner.