Impact of Prematurity on Auditory Processing in Children.

Prematurity is one of the most crucial risk factors negatively affecting the maturation of the auditory system. Children born preterm demonstrate high rates of hearing impairments. Auditory processing difficulties in preterm children might be a result of disturbances in the central auditory system development and/or sensory deprivation due to peripheral hearing loss.

Putative TAAR5 agonist alpha-NETA affects event-related potentials in oddball paradigm in awake mice.

Trace amines have been reported to be neuromodulators of monoaminergic systems. Trace amines receptor 5 (TAAR5) is expressed in several regions of mice central nervous system, such as amygdala, arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus, but very limited information is available on its functional role. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of TAAR5 agonist alpha-NETA on the generation of mismatch negativity (MMN) analogue in C57BL/6 mice.

Referent's Lexical Frequency Predicts Mismatch Negativity Responses to New Words Following Semantic Training.

Lexical ERPs (event-related potentials) obtained in an oddball paradigm were suggested to be an index of the formation of new word representations in the brain in the learning process: with increased exposure to new lexemes, the ERP amplitude grows, which is interpreted as a signature of a new memory-trace build-up and activation. Previous learning studies using this approach have, however, mostly used meaningless novel word forms; it therefore remains uncertain whether the increased amplitude simply reflects increased familiarity with the new stimulus or is indeed a reflection of a complete word representation. Here, we used the oddball paradigm to measure the mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to novel word forms before and after semantic training, during which they were associated with previously familiar words of either high or low frequency of occurrence.

Neurophysiological Correlates of Fast Mapping of Novel Words in the Adult Brain.

Word acquisition could be mediated by the neurocognitive mechanism known as fast mapping (FM). It refers to a process of incidental exclusion-based learning and is believed to be a critical mechanism for the rapid build-up of lexicon, although its neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. To investigate the neural bases of this key learning skill, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and employed an audio-visual paradigm that included a counterbalanced set of familiar and novel spoken word forms presented, in a single exposure, in conjunction with novel and familiar images.

Effect of trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist RO5263397 on sensory gating in mice.

The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist RO5263397 effect on sensory gating in C57BL/6 mice was studied. Sensory gating is a mechanism for dosing and filtering the incoming information, by which the brain regulates the responses to sensory stimuli coming from the environment. Sensory gating deficit is considered to be one of the schizophrenia endophenotypes.

Effect of alpha-NETA on auditory event related potentials in sensory gating study paradigm in mice.

The potential contribution of trace amines (TA) to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders makes it interesting to examine the effect of TA receptor ligands on schizophrenia biomarkers. We studied the effect of systemic administration of a putative Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) agonist, alpha-NETA (2-(alpha-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide), on the amplitude of the N40 event related potentials component and on the sensory gating (SG) index in C57BL/6 mice. It was found that low doses of alpha-NETA (2.

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Agonist Modulates Mismatch Negativity-Like Responses in Mice.

The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed in the mammalian brain, particularly in limbic system and monoaminergic areas. It has proven to be an important modulator of dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission and is considered to be a potential useful target for the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. One of the promising schizophrenia endophenotypes is a deficit in neurocognitive abilities manifested as mismatch negativity (MMN) deficit.

The TAAR5 agonist α-NETA causes dyskinesia in mice.

It is known that trace amine-associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) is expressed in various regions of the central nervous system. However, very limited information is available on the behavioral effects of TAAR5 activation and the TAAR5 functional role, in general. We studied the effect of TAAR5 agonist (2-(alpha-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide) systemic administration on animal behavior.

Identification of TAAR5 Agonist Activity of Alpha-NETA and Its Effect on Mismatch Negativity Amplitude in Awake Rats.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a well-defined component of human event-related potentials that reflects the pre-attentive, stimulus-discrimination process and is associated with involuntary switching of attention. MMN-like responses detected in animal models provide an opportunity to investigate the neural mechanisms of this process that involves several neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems. Trace amines are believed to play a significant role in neuromodulation of synaptic transmission.

TAAR5 receptor agonist affects sensory gating in rats.

Trace amines are structurally close to classical monoamines and dysregulation in trace amines and/or their receptors might contribute to pathology of mental disorders. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of recently identified Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) agonist 2-(alpha-naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (alpha-NETA) on sensory gating (SG) in awake freely moving rats. SG was studied in paired-click paradigm and SG index was calculated as difference in event related potentials component N40 amplitudes to the first and second stimulus in the pair.

The Development of Muscle Fatigue Suppresses Auditory Sensory Gating (P50) during Sustained Contraction.

Our aim was to study the influence of fatigue development on sensory gating during a muscle load. The fatiguing task was sustained contraction of a handgrip dynamometer with 7 and 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The suppression of P50, an auditory event-related potential, was used as the sensory gating index in the paired-click paradigm with a 500 ms interstimulus interval; the difference between the P50 amplitudes of the first and the second stimuli of the pair was used as the sensory gating index.

Mismatch Negativity Affects Muscle Fatigue during Repeated Contraction Trials of Different Durations.

We examined the effect of involuntary attention switching (related to mismatch negativity generation in the oddball paradigm) on fatigue development during trials of different durations. The experiment consisted of two trials, long (40 min) and short (15 min), and two experimental conditions in each trial: the simple reaction task (deviants-only paradigm) and the stimuli recognition task (oddball paradigm). In each condition, a participant responded to each target acoustic stimulus by squeezing a handgrip dynamometer.