Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a 23-year-old male.

Purpose: To report a case of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy after long-term exposure in a 23-year-old male.

Methods: Multimodal imaging including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and en face OCT were performed, in addition to functional testing with full-field electroretinography (ERG) and Humphrey visual field (HVF).

Results: A 23-year-old man with a history of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and HCQ treatment for 13 years at a dosage of 200 mg/d (cumulative dose: 949 grams) presented to the retinal clinic (DS).

Pentosan polysulfate sodium maculopathy: Final analysis of a prospective cohort, updated review, and association with inflammatory bowel disease.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy is a recently described condition of macular toxicity. We report the prevalence (15 %), the clinical characteristics, and the multimodal imaging (MMI) features of PPS maculopathy based on a final prospective analysis of a cohort of 154 subjects and highlight the association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we summarize the most recent and relevant literature on PPS maculopathy.

Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions Are Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) with myocardial infarction (MI) among patients diagnosed with coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive patients (317 patients) with CAD who underwent macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were captured.

Pachyvitelliform maculopathy: an optical coherence tomography analysis of a novel entity.

Purpose: To describe the optical coherence tomography features of pachyvitelliform maculopathy (PVM), an acquired vitelliform lesion (AVL) associated with pachychoroid disease.

Methods: This study was a retrospective, multicentre, observational analysis.Medical records and multimodal imaging were reviewed in all patients with pachychoroid disease and AVL.

EVALUATION OF PARAVASCULAR INNER RETINAL DEFECTS USING EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for development of paravascular inner retinal defects (PIRDs) using en face optical coherence tomography.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. En face and cross-sectional optical coherence tomography images were reviewed (9 × 9 mm or 12 × 12 mm).

Progression of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Maculopathy in a Prospective Cohort.

Purpose: To describe the progression of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy after drug discontinuation qualitatively and quantitatively using multimodal imaging assessmen.

Design: Prospective case series.

Methods: Patients with PPS maculopathy were evaluated after discontinuation of PPS.

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF SEVERE PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID SYNDROME WITH ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY.

Purpose: To describe two cases of severe peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome successfully managed with monthly intravitreal aflibercept therapy.

Methods: Medical and imaging records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were imaged with ultra-widefield fluorescein, indocyanine green angiography, and fundus autofluorescence.

Vitelliform maculopathy: Diverse etiologies originating from one common pathway.

Vitelliform lesions (VLs) are associated with a wide array of macular disorders but are the result of one common pathway: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) impairment and phagocytic dysfunction. VLs are defined by the accumulation of yellowish subretinal material. In the era of multimodal advanced retinal imaging, VLs can be further characterized by subretinal hyperreflectivity with optical coherence tomography and hyperautofluorescence with fundus autofluorescence.

Non-neovascular fluid in age-related macular degeneration: observe-and-extend regimen in a case-series study.

Objective: To describe the course of non-neovascular fluid in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy or after observation without injections.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: AMD eyes with macular drusen and (or) drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment associated with non-neovascular fluid were included.

A MIDDLE-AGED PATIENT WITH BILATERAL VISION LOSS AND NYCTALOPIA.

Purpose: To report a case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy in a patient with a diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.

Methods: Case report. Main outcome measures included findings on retinal examination and analysis of fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field electroretinogram.

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium-Associated Maculopathy: Early Detection Using OCT Angiography and Choriocapillaris Flow Deficit Analysis.

Purpose: To compare choriocapillaris flow deficit (CC-FD) analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes of patients treated with high cumulative dosages of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) but no signs of retinal toxicity versus healthy age-matched controls.

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: Patients treated with PPS for interstitial cystitis with a cumulative dose of > 1000 g underwent multimodal imaging screening to exclude evidence of PPS maculopathy or other retinal findings.

Retinal arterial occlusive vasculitis following IgA nephropathy: A case report.

Purpose: To discuss diagnosis and management in the case of a patient presenting with bilateral ischemic retinal vasculopathy associated with a previously undiagnosed IgA nephropathy.

Case Report: In 2021, a 35-year-old male presented with a sudden onset asymmetric bilateral (OU) visual loss. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 OD, and no light perception (NLP) OS with an associated relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD).

RAPID PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM MACULOPATHY PROGRESSION.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a unique case of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy with remarkable rapid progression over 2 years. These findings show the importance of early detection of macular disease to limit toxic exposure and reduce the risk of progression.

Methods: Multimodal retinal imaging including fundus autofluorescence, near-infrared reflectance with pseudocolor, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed in an elderly patient with a history of PPS therapy (cumulative dose of 1,205 g) at baseline and 2 years later.

Macular ganglion cell complex thickness after vitrectomy with the inverted flap technique for idiopathic macular holes.

Purpose: To analyze the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses after vitrectomy with the inverted flap technique for idiopathic macular holes.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 28 eyes treated with surgery for idiopathic macular holes. The inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique assisted with Brilliant Blue staining (0.

Surgically induced diffuse scleritis associated with choroidal detachment following phacoemulsification surgery.

Purpose: We present a case of a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment associated with a surgical induced diffuse scleritis (SIDS) following phacoemulsification surgery.

Case Report: A-49-year-old healthy male with history of high myopia and pars-plana vitrectomy associated with 360° encircling buckle surgery years ago, who underwent phacoemulsification surgery with in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation on the right eye and developed an important 360° hemorrhagic choroidal detachment on the first-day post-surgery, 10 days later, presented SIDS. First day after surgery, best-corrected visual acuity was hands movement in the affected eye.

Micropulse laser in patients with refractory and treatment-naïve center-involved diabetic macular edema: short terms visual and anatomic outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe visual and anatomic outcomes of 5774nm micropulse laser photocoagulation in eyes with either treatment-naïve or refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) at 3 months.

Methods: This was a prospective case series that recruited 23 consecutive patients (33 eyes) with center-involved DME that was either treatment-naïve or had not responded to prior treatment. Micropulse therapy was performed with the Easy Ret 577 (Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France) diode laser in a high-density manner in eyes with treatment-naïve or refractory DME.

Association Between First- and Third-Month Responses to Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: This work examines the relationship between first- and third-month anatomical and visual response with antivascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 58 eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema. Response was categorized upon the anatomical status after 3 monthly doses based on the reduction of central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline (≥20% or not).

Different approaches in the management of macular hemorrhage: Case reports and a literature review.

Introduction: Macular hemorrhages result in a sudden and profound loss of vision. The primary treatment modalities include observation, intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drugs, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet hialoidotomy, intravitreal injection of gas with or without tissue plasminogen activator, as monotherapy or combined with surgery. In this paper, we report four cases of macular hemorrhages of different causes treated with different approaches, and we review the literature in this regard.

The role of various imaging techniques in identifying and locating intraocular foreign bodies related to open-globe injury: three case reports and literature review.

Background: Determining the precise location of intraocular foreign bodies is crucial for the management of patients with open-globe injury. Computed tomography is the most common method for detecting intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment. In this article, we describe three cases of open-globe injury with different types of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment that were accurately located using computed tomography scans and B-scan ultrasonography.

Electric Shock Retinopathy: Case Report of a Late Retinal Manifestation.

Purpose: This is a case report of a male patient who suffered a high-voltage electrical burn and presented with bilateral pigmentary retinopathy.

Methods: A 40-year-old man presented with bilateral vision loss following a high-voltage electrical injury sustained 10 years earlier. Family history, ocular history, and anterior segment evaluation were unremarkable.