Two-operator glucose infusion test (GIT2) for vascular access recirculation measurement during hemodialysis.

Vascular access recirculation rate (AR) monitoring is fundamental to guarantee treatment adequacy and to detect access failure early. We have evaluated the GIT2 test to measure AR unaffected by cardio-pulmonary recirculation (CPR), based on a short glucose infusion in place of the bolus and on a two-operator sampling, differently from the classical glucose infusion test (GIT). The GIT2 test is based on four steps: 1) basal (B) glucose arterial sample; 2) 10% glucose infusion for 1 min, by infusion pump at 600 ml/hr; (or 20% at 300 ml/hr); 3) simultaneous sampling at arterial (A) and venous (V) ports, after 35-40 sec from starting the infusion, taking care to avoid blood pump stop during the test; 4) AR=100*((A-B)/(V-B)).

Malignancy after kidney transplantation: results of 400 patients from a single center.

Background: Post-transplant malignancies (PTM) occur in a percentage as high as 50% in patients followed 20 yr and have become a main cause of mortality and are expected to be the first cause of death within the next 20 yr in kidney transplant recipients.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the PTM incidence in our kidney transplant recipients, and its main risk factors. The records of 400 patients (min follow up = one yr) have been retrospectively reviewed and categorized into three groups: patients without any tumor, with a non-melanoma skin cancer and with a solid or hematologic cancer.