Traditional, alternative, and emerging therapeutics for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Introduction: Segmental focal glomerulosclerosis is a histological lesion characterized by podocyte damage. It may be a primary disease linked to an unknown circulating factor, secondary to viral infections, drug toxicity, or a disadaptive response to the loss of nephrons, or it may depend on gene mutations or have an indeterminate cause. The treatment of the primary form involves immunosuppressors.

Differences in Efficacy between Antibacterial Lock Therapy and the Standard of Care for CVC-Related Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Central Venous Catheter (CVC)-related infections cannot always be solved by replacement, due to some vascular anomalies or an emergency status. This comprehensive, evidence-based review aimed to define the efficacy of antibacterial lock therapy (ALT) compared to the standard of care (SoC) in CVC-related infections. : We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, looking for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort or case-control observational studies.

Pregnancy in Glomerular Disease: From Risk Identification to Counseling and Management.

: Pregnancy involves complex hemodynamic and immune adaptations to support the developing fetus. The kidney assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating these mechanisms. However, renal disease poses a potential risk for adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.

Autoimmunity and Infection in Glomerular Disease.

The ongoing glomerular damage of infections is not limited to the most widely known form of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which is today less common in the Western world; other forms of glomerulonephritis are associated with several bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. The mechanisms responsible range from the direct damage of glomerular cells to the formation and deposition of immunocomplexes to molecular mimicry to the secretion of superantigens. Similarly, in the course of glomerular disease, infections are more frequent than in the general population due to the loss of immunoglobulins in urine and the immunosuppressive agents used to treat the autoimmune disease that decrease the activity of the immune system.