GLP-1 single, dual, and triple receptor agonists for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity: a narrative review.

Unlabelled: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) present major global health challenges, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a pivotal treatment option for both conditions, demonstrating efficacy in blood glucose management, weight reduction, cardiovascular disease prevention, and kidney health improvement. GLP-1, an incretin hormone, plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation, influencing insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and gastric emptying.

Inequalities in the provision of GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are effective treatments for obesity but are less accessible worldwide than pharmacological treatments for diabetes, reflecting biases and lack of education, and perpetuating health inequalities.

Racial trauma as a risk factor for risky alcohol use in diverse college students.

Exposure to potentially traumatic race-based experiences poses a risk factor for risky drinking among college students from historically marginalized racial/ethnic backgrounds. The current study examined the relationship between both the level (severity) and pattern of race-based traumatic stress (RBTS) reactions and risky drinking. The current study sample was made up of 62 male (23.

The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and race-based traumatic stress.

Objective: This study examined the relationships between race-based traumatic stress symptoms (RBTSS), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and negative affect (NA) in the past year.

Method: Participants were 185 community-based respondents who completed a paper and pencil survey of the race-based traumatic stress symptoms scale (RBTSSS), diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM)-related PTSD symptoms, and negative emotions.

Results: Two canonical correlation analyses were conducted for two participant groups: those with no race-based traumatic stress (RBTS) elevations and those with one or more RBTS elevations.

Disparities in Access and Quality of Obesity Care.

Obesity is a chronic disease and a significant public health threat predicated on complex genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Individuals with higher body mass index are more likely to avoid health care due to weight stigma. Disparities in obesity care disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities.

A Women's health perspective on managing obesity.

While the prevalence of obesity in US men and women is nearly equivalent, obesity management in women requires a different approach that considers age and life stage in development including sexual maturation/reproduction, menopause and post-menopause. In this review, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity using lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery are discussed from a women's health perspective, with emphasis on management during pregnancy and post-partum.

The Strong Black Woman Archetype and Therapeutic Outcomes: Examining Relationships Among Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse Histories.

The Strong Black Woman archetype (SBWA) describes a cultural pattern where Black women are expected to and present as physically and mentally strong, regardless of past and ongoing stressors. The SBWA has served the historical purpose of aiding survival for Black women throughout years of racial and gender oppression. However, the practice has also been associated with adverse mental health and with behaviors, such as self-silencing, that could impede therapeutic process.

Genetic mapping of , a pupal lethal mutation in .

An EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in to identify growth control mutants. The multi-institution Fly-CURE consortium phenotypically characterized the mutant using the system which displayed a mutant lethal phenotype with reduced head development, and darkened ocular tissue. Complementation mapping was conducted to identify the affected gene.

Food as Medicine for Obesity Treatment and Management.

Purpose: Nutrition is an important lifestyle modification used in the treatment of obesity. The purpose of this review is to highlight different dietary interventions used to promote weight loss in both adults and children.

Methods: A search using PubMed was performed for articles on topics related to nutrition and management and/or treatment of obesity in adults adolescents and children.

"It's Not in Your Head": Gaslighting, 'Splaining, Victim Blaming, and Other Harmful Reactions to Microaggressions.

Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. describes the act of manipulating others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity; people confronted for committing microaggressions deny the existence of their biases, often convincing the targets of microaggressions to question their own perceptions. (derived from mansplaining/Whitesplaining) is an act in which a person of a dominant group speaks for or provides rationale to people of marginalized groups about topics related to oppression or inequity.

Hearing Their Voices: Exploring the Patient Narratives of Adolescent and Young Adults Who Have Undergone Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery-A Case Series.

Background: Severe obesity in adolescence and young adulthood is undertreated which leads to obesity-related chronic diseases that progress into adulthood. Many organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) support early consideration of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in the pediatric population to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Five diverse patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in the form of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) contributed patient narratives that captured their life, with a focus on health related quality of life, before and after MBS.

Racial Disparities in Obesity Treatment Among Children and Adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: With the growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents, the evaluation of disease origin to slow disease progression is necessary. Racial disparities which are evident amid prevalence and treatment must be studied to counteract disease propagation.

Recent Findings: Disparities are pronounced among Black and Hispanic pediatric patients prior to conception and birth due to genetic composition and fetal environment.

A Systematic Review of Culturally Responsive Approaches to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Ethiopia.

In 2012/2013, the prevalence of child mental illness was estimated to be between 12 and 25% in Ethiopia. The Federal Ministry of Health is currently considering the implementation of the second national mental health strategy guided by the World Health Organization's pyramid model for an optimal mix of services. This model states self-care as the fundamental concept and practice that can be facilitated by the formal and informal sectors surrounding an individual.

Strategies in the Management of Adolescent Obesity.

Purpose Of Review: We review the current options to manage adolescent obesity which include nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, sleep management, pharmacotherapy and surgery. Since lifestyle interventions alone are often not effective in adolescents, a multi-disciplinary treatment approach is necessary in management.

Recent Findings: Medications (often used off-label) and metabolic/bariatric surgery are effective treatment strategies to treat adolescents with severe obesity.

Geographic Availability of Physicians Certified by the American Board of Obesity Medicine Relative to Obesity Prevalence.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of adult and pediatric American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM) diplomates relative to the prevalence of obesity by US state.

Methods: Data from the ABOM physician directory were used to determine original specialty and US state. Physicians were labeled as "adult medicine" physicians (i.

Targeting cytochrome P450-dependent cancer cell mitochondria: cancer associated CYPs and where to find them.

While cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) epoxides promotes tumor growth by driving angiogenesis, cancer cell intrinsic functions of CYPs are less understood. CYP-derived AA epoxides, called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), also promote the growth of tumor epithelia. In cancer cells, CYP AA epoxygenase enzymes are associated with STAT3 and mTOR signaling, but also localize in mitochondria, where they promote the electron transport chain (ETC).