Persistent falcine sinus in the newborn: 3 case reports of associated anomalies.

The falcine sinus is a normal embryonic structure that is situated between the 2 layers of the falx cerebri and drains the deep cerebral venous system into the superior sagittal sinus. It normally involutes after birth and is uncommon in adults. Although it is often an isolated and incidental finding, it can also be associated with a number of other conditions including but not limited to vein of Galen arterial malformations (VGAM), atretic parietal cephaloceles, acrocephalosyndactyly (Apert syndrome), absence of the corpus callosum, absence of the tentorium, osteogenesis imperfecta, or Chiari II malformations.

Target sign of intussusception versus whirlpool sign of midgut volvulus.

We report the case of a 2-month-old boy who presented with emesis and was initially thought to have an intussusception based on ultrasound findings, but was later found to have malrotation with midgut volvulus. He was surgically detorsed before any bowel necrosis occurred, but later developed recurrent volvulus due to a surgical adhesion acting as an anchor point. The aim of this report is to highlight the imaging similarities and differences between intussusception and the more serious midgut volvulus in order to expedite proper care and preserve bowel.

Neuroimaging for the Primary Care Provider: A Review of Modalities, Indications, and Pitfalls.

When evaluating a child with a potential neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorder, identifying indications for imaging and the correct imaging modality to order can be challenging. This article provides an overview of computed tomography, MRI, ultrasonography, and radiography with an emphasis on indications for use, pitfalls to be avoided, and recent advances. A discussion of the appropriate use of ionizing radiation, intravenous contrast, and sedation is also provided.

Perspective: child abuse in the military.

Child maltreatment is an unfortunate aspect of our society, afflicting civilian and military families alike. However, unlike their civilian counterparts, military families bear additional burdens inherent to military service that can exacerbate some of the root causes of child abuse. For this reason, the U.

Fingertip ultrasound evaluation of umbilical catheter position in the neonatal intensive care unit compared to conventional ultrasound radiography: a preliminary investigation.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare conventional linear and fingertip ultrasound transducers, for the evaluation of umbilical catheters, with radiography. Fingertip ultrasound transducers have the potential to simplify sonographic examination due to their small size and ability to fit on a finger.

Study Design: A prospective, IRB approved comparative study was performed.

Soft tissue foreign bodies: A training manual for sonographic diagnosis and guided removal.

Sonography provides excellent detection, localization, and characterization of soft-tissue foreign bodies. Ultrasound guided foreign body removal is a safe and highly successful minimally invasive procedure that facilitates effective treatment and avoidance of complications in patients with soft tissue foreign bodies. Focused laboratory training is critical to successful implementation of a sonographic foreign body management practice.

Fatty-falciform ligament appendage torsion (F-FLAT): Diagnosis and management in a pediatric patient.

Fatty-falciform ligament appendage torsion (F-FLAT) is a rare condition manifested by torsion of the extraperiotoneal fat within the falciform ligament. It is similar to intraperitoneal focal fatty infarctions, including omental infarction and epiploic appendagitis. We report herein the first case of F-FLAT in a pediatric patient that failed conservative management.

First branchial cleft fistula (Work Type 2) with an internal opening to the Eustachian tube: Case report and review of literature.

First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital defects of the head and neck. This case report presents a 12-year-old patient with a draining cutaneous pit approximately 1-cm anterior and 5-mm inferior to the right angle of the mandible. Imaging revealed a fistula between the cutaneous pit and Eustachian tube.

Automated Bone Age Analysis with Lossy Image Files.

Background: In our U.S. Department of Defense hospital system, pediatric endocrinology and radiology resources to evaluate bone age radiographs are limited.

Ovotesticular Disorders of Sexual Development: A Case of Hernia Uteri Inguinalis.

Ovotesticular disorders of sexual development result in the presence of both testis and ovarian tissue. Most commonly, gonadal structures in the scrotum or inguinal canal are comprised of testis tissue. The presence of a uterus within an inguinal hernia sac in a phenotypically male patient is referred to as hernia uteri inguinalis.

Hemichorea-Hemiballism Secondary to Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia.

Non-ketotic hyperglycemia is an unusual and rare cause of hemichorea-hemiballismus. Correction of the hyperglycemia usually results in total resolution of the signs and symptoms. We present the case and medical imaging findings of a 66-year-old female who presented with steadily worsening choreiform and ballistic movements of the right upper and lower extremities over a 2-week period.

Sonographic evaluation of hydronephrosis in the pediatric population: is well-tempered sonography necessary?

Objectives: Standardized protocols exist for diuretic renography. There are no specific guidelines regarding hydration before renal sonography. This study assessed the importance of the hydration status by sonographic measurements of the anteroposterior diameter and its effect on Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) hydronephrosis grading.

Lumbosacral lipomyelomeningocele with anomalous osseous limb in a 3-month-old female.

A patient with lipomyelomeningocele (known in utero) presented for MRI characterization prior to surgical procedure at three months of age. Cross-sectional imaging revealed a spinal dysraphism of the lower lumbar spine, with a posterior spinal defect spanning L4 to S2 subcutaneous fat intrusion, and distal spinal cord extrusion. An osseous excrescence was also appreciated, articulating with the left iliac bone.

Upper urinary tract abnormalities: a case of bilateral kidneys within a left-sided omphalocele.

Children with omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex present with the most severe form of birth defects in the exstrophy-epispadias spectrum. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult, but improved survival over the past several decades makes understanding the potential anatomic manifestations imperative for expeditious and appropriate surgical care. The upper urinary tract is often normal in children with omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects complex, but malposition of one of the kidneys has previously been reported.

From the radiologic pathology archives: pediatric polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Genetic defects of cilia cause a wide range of diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Primary, or nonmotile, cilia function as sensory organelles involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. Cilia are present in nearly every cell in the body and mutations of genes encoding ciliary proteins affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, liver, pancreas, retina, central nervous system (CNS), and skeletal system.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of an intramedullary epidermoid cyst with dorsal dermal sinus tract in a toddler.

We report the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose and manage a rare case of a symptomatic thoracic intramedullary congenital epidermoid cyst with associated dermal sinus in a girl. Congenital intramedullary epidermoid cysts with associated dermal sinuses are very rare occurrences and seldom present symptomatically in very young children. We present a case of a 32-month old with a draining dimpled skin lesion.

Fast whole-body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy, term neonates: spectrum of incidental and birth-related findings.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe normal postpartum findings seen with fast whole-body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy, term neonates.

Method: We prospectively analyzed whole-body 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging of 53 normal neonates scanned within 72 hours of birth to assess for postpartum-related findings.

An atypical symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus in a toddler.

Meniscal tears and meniscal instability are rare complications of a discoid lateral meniscus in a very young child. We report a case of a 32-month-old male who presented with a limp and limited extension of his right knee. Magnetic resonance and sonographic images demonstrated a discoid meniscus with a posterior horn tear and unstable anterior horn, confirmed by arthroscopy.

Sonographic localization and management of metallic fragments: a report of five cases.

Ultrasound was used as adjunct to radiographic imaging in the assessment and management of metallic fragments in five cases encountered in forward-deployed military facilities. Although metallic fragments are usually seen well on radiographs, ultrasound can add details of the surrounding soft-tissue structures and clarify location. Portable handheld units are well suited for studies when probe selection and equipment adjustments are correct.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal central nervous system, head, neck, and chest.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the assessment of fetal anomalies. Although ultrasound remains the modality of choice for screening, MRI offers several advantages that permit optimal characterization of anomalies in certain situations. Accurate recognition and characterization of fetal anomalies guides decisions about pregnancy management and coordination of postnatal care.

Head and neck ultrasound in the pediatric population.

Ultrasound, as a diagnostic modality, has been developing rapidly. High-resolution ultrasound machines have been reduced to the size of a laptop computer. Ultrasound can be adopted by otolaryngologists for use within the clinic and the operating room.