First evidence of neosaxitoxin as a long-acting pain blocker in bladder pain syndrome.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Neosaxitoxin is a phycotoxin whose molecular mechanism of action shows a reversible inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axonal level, impeding nerve impulse propagation. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of neosaxitoxin as a long-acting pain blocker in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome (BPS).

Methods: Five patients with a diagnosis of BPS received a total dose of 80 µg of neosaxitoxin in an isoosmotic solution of 0.

Appropriate utilization of clinical laboratory tests.

Background: The use of laboratory tests has been increasing in recent years due to various factors affecting laboratories, physicians, legal aspects, or patients themselves.

Methods: The efficacy of laboratory tests must be evaluated on the basis of the clinical benefits that they provide in terms of prevention, diagnosis, follow-up, or treatment; with the aim of optimizing health results in general.

Results: There are techniques that can be used to determine the clinical validity of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of treatment or preventive measures performed on individuals with abnormal tests, as well as providing an economic evaluation of the process.