Characterization of muscle oxygenation response in well-trained handcyclists.

Purpose:  Peripheral responses might be important in handcycling, given the involvement of small muscles compared to other exercise modalities. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare changes in muscle oxygen saturation (∆SmO) and deoxyhemoglobin level (∆[HHb]) between different efforts and muscles.

Methods:  Handcyclists participated in a Wingate, a maximal incremental test and a 20-min time-trial (TT).

Cranberry supplementation improves physiological markers of performance in trained runners.

Purpose: Cranberries have the highest polyphenol and antioxidant capacity among fruits and vegetables and may protect against exercise-induced free radical production, consequently improving performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on time-trial performance and lactate response following exercise.

Methods: A total of 14 trained runners were tested at i) baseline, ii) 2 h following an acute CE dose (0.