Development and validation of a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale for adults in the United States.

COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed. However, widespread uptake remains a hurdle to a successful pandemic response. A simple, user-friendly survey to measure vaccine hesitancy may facilitate development of interventions aimed at maximizing vaccination.

Percutaneous Egression: What Do We Know?

Background: The process by which drugs leave the bloodstream to enter the skin compartments is important in determining appropriate routes of delivery and developing more efficacious medications. We conducted a general literature review on percutaneous egression mechanisms.

Summary: Studies demonstrate that the stratum corneum (SC) is a compartment for systemically delivered drugs.

Safety of Mandibular Osteotomies in Infants with Pierre Robin Sequence: Computer-Aided Modeling to Characterize the Risks of Various Techniques.

Background: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is effective for the correction of severe tongue-based airway obstruction in infants with Pierre Robin sequence. Involved osteotomies may damage developing tooth buds and/or the inferior alveolar nerve. The authors evaluated the theoretical safety of various osteotomy techniques to better define infantile mandibular anatomy using computer-aided modeling.

A Comparison of Alternative Medicine Users and Non-Users in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa patients often seek non-prescription therapies.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of alternative medicine use and characterize the differences between patients who report using alternative medications versus those who do not.

Methods: We surveyed 67 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa regarding demographics, alternative medicine use, disease severity, and quality of life.

Refractory Pediatric Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: The Importance of Therapeutical Adherence and Biological Management.

The rates of refractory pediatric psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) have steadily risen over the last few decades, demanding newer and more effective therapies. This review aims to explore the reasons for resistant disease, as well as its management; this includes the indications for, efficacy of, and safety of current therapies for refractory pediatric dermatologic disease. A PubMed search for key phrases was performed.

An overview of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide once-daily topical gel as a therapeutic option for acne.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition worldwide, and it is associated with substantial psychological comorbidity. Topical therapies - including retinoids, antibiotics, and benzoyl peroxide - are the cornerstones of treatment for patients with acne. The main barriers to care in the treatment of acne are poor adherence to therapy and lack of tolerability.

Patient assessment of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratoses: a retrospective study of real-world effectiveness.

Background: Despite the superior efficacy of topical therapies for the treatment of actinic keratoses in clinical trials, cryosurgery remains a frequent treatment modality in clinical practice. Little is known about patients' experience of real-world use of topical therapy.

Objective: To determine the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod in the treatment of actinic keratoses.

Evaluating calcipotriene 0.005% foam for the treatment of plaque psoriasis of the scalp and body in patients aged 12 years and older.

: Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate psoriasis in adult and adolescent patients but there can be many adverse events associated with long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroid-sparing alternatives include Vitamin D3 analogs, such as calcipotriene (also known as calcipotriol), which have long been used as monotherapy or combination therapy with other topical agents to treat psoriasis. Calcipotriene's mechanism of action is not fully understood but it is believed to be effective due to its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Role of the vacuolar ATPase in the replication cycle.

We have shown that can enter cells by direct penetration at the plasma membrane (R. Vancini, G. Wang, D.