Resolution of inflammation is altered in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Resolution is the final stage of the inflammatory response, when restoration of tissue occurs. Failure may lead to chronic inflammation, which is known as part of the pathology in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), receptors, biosynthetic enzyme, and downstream effectors involved in resolution were analyzed in postmortem hippocampal tissue from AD patients and non-AD subjects.

Omega-3 fatty acids enhance phagocytosis of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-β42 by human microglia and decrease inflammatory markers.

The use of supplements with omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids (FAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is widespread due to proposed beneficial effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Many effects of ω3 FAs are believed to be caused by down-regulation and resolution of inflammation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with inflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes, and ω3 FAs have been proposed as potential treatments for AD.

Accumulation of the amyloid precursor-like protein APLP2 and reduction of APLP1 in retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma cells upon curcumin-induced neurite retraction.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) belongs to a conserved gene family, also including the amyloid precursor-like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2. The function of these three proteins is not yet fully understood. One of the proposed roles of APP is to promote neurite outgrowth.

Additive effects of amyloid beta fragment and interleukin-1beta on interleukin-6 secretion in rat primary glial cultures.

The main constituent of the Alzheimer amyloid plaques is the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide shown to activate glial cells in vitro. Activated glial cells are believed to contribute to neurotoxicity through production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), chemokines and neurotoxic substances. The IL-1 system has been proposed to play a role in neurodegenerative processes and can in turn induce expression of other cytokines such as IL-6.