Swept-source optical coherence tomography early findings in patients with carotid artery disease.

Purpose: Ocular ischemic syndrome can be the first and only hint of life-threatening carotid artery disease. The early recognition of carotid stenosis-related retinal signs, as well as the comprehension of the pathophysiology behind retinal changes could become relevant for physicians to predict the risk of stroke. The aim of this study is to assess the carotid artery disease-induced early structural retinochoroidal changes by means of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Repeatability of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography automated macular vessel density.

Introduction: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Ratio Analysis (OCTARA) is capable of visualizing inner and outer retinal vascular plexuses, choriocapillaris, and larger choroidal vasculature in vivo without contrast injection. The aim of this study was to assess the intrasession repeatability of automated vessel density measurements using Triton Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) innovative algorithm OCTARA in retinal and choroidal vasculature.

Methods: To study population between 65-90 years old with no eye diseases.

New insights in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple sclerosis: Is Epstein-Barr virus associated with optic nerve involvement?

Introduction: There are no reports in the literature studying the possible relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and optic nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of our study was to analyze the association between EBV antibodies titres and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) quantitative parameters.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study.

Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis in patients with intracranial hypertension.

Introduction: Evidence on peripapillary microvasculature in intracranial hypertension (IH) after the regression of papilledema is still scarce. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the association between structural changes in the optic nerve and the retina and peripapillary microvasculature in patients with IIH.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study.

Quantitative Assessment of Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature in Asymptomatic Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Significance: Carotid disease contributes to 15 to 20% of all ischemic strokes, one of the leading causes of permanent disabilities and mortality globally. With its growing prevalence and the inflicted disability rates, screening for anomalies that precede the onset of its serious complications is of crucial global significance.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between retinal and choroidal perfusion changes with the degree of stenosis using quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis.

Two-Year Results of a Treat and Extend Regimen with Aflibercept in Caucasian Patients with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy.

Introduction: There are few reports evaluating the treatment of pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) in white patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of a treat and extend regimen with aflibercept in white patients with PNV after 2 years of follow-up.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 31 eyes of 26 patients with PNV treated with a treat an extend regimen of intravitreal aflibercept.

Optical coherence tomography angiography quantitative analysis of retinal and choroidal microvasculature in patients with dyslipidemia.

Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to report swept source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) quantitative information of retinal and choroidal microvascularization in patients with dyslipidemia (DL).

Methods: We performed a retrospective study. The study enrolled 37 eyes of 20 patients with DL and 40 eyes of 23 healthy subjects.

Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography automatic analysis of microvascular changes secondary to systemic hypertension.

Introduction: The aim of our study is to report swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) quantitative parameters of retinal and choroidal microvasculature in patients with systemic hypertension (HTN) using a built-in software of SS-OCTA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study. This study enrolled 93 eyes of 51 subjects with HTN and 71 eyes of 38 healthy subjects.

Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion treated with dexamethasone implant.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers on intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant clinical outcomes in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME).

Methods: Retrospective study conducted on a cohort of patients with RVO-ME, either naïve or previously treated, who underwent treatment with DEX implant and had a follow-up of 6 months. Anatomic success was defined as a central retinal thickness (CRT) < 250 μm or a relative reduction of CRT ≥10% from baseline.

New insights in pathogenic mechanism of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity through optical coherence tomography angiography analysis.

Introduction: There is only a unique report with a small sample size studying hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity with swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The aim of this study was to quantify OCTA quantitative parameters in patients who underwent HCQ therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study.

Twelve-year follow up of a case of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy with transient resolution of retinal edema in one eye.

Purpose: To report 12-year follow-up of a patient with ARB.

Case Report: A 25-year-old man presented with blurred vision in his both eyes (OU). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/63 Snellen equivalent in the right eye (OD) and 20/32 Snellen equivalent in the left eye.

Case Report: Multimodal Imaging Features of an ABCA4 Cone Dystrophy.

Significance: Cone dystrophies and cone-rod dystrophies are a group of rare inherited pathologies characterized by degeneration of cone photoreceptors and subsequent rod involvement. The identification of causative genes is essential for diagnosis, and advanced imaging is acquiring great value in the characterization of the different phenotypic expressions.

Purpose: We describe genotype-phenotype associations of an autosomal recessive ABCA4-associated cone dystrophy using multimodal imaging.

Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of aneurismal type 1 neovascularization in a cohort of white patients.

Introduction: To evaluate the detection rate of aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (AT1) in Caucasian patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to describe OCTA characteristics of AT1 in a cohort of white patients.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in 44 eyes of 43 patients with AT1. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including fundus imaging, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and OCTA.

Case Report: Ipilimumab-induced Multisystem Autoimmune-like Toxicities Suggestive of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like Syndrome.

Significance: The emergence of new cancer therapies has dramatically improved outcomes in metastatic melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been the most effective treatment. Although, as a direct consequence of the immune dysregulation induced by them, adverse effects termed immune-related adverse events are observed in more than 60% of the patients.

Challenges in Diabetic Macular Edema Management: An Expert Consensus Report.

Purpose: This paper aimed to present daily-practice recommendations for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients based on available scientific evidence and the clinical experience of the consensus panel.

Methods: A group of Spanish retina experts agreed to discuss different aspects related with the clinical management of DME patients.

Results: Panel was mainly focused on therapeutic objectives in DME management; definition terms; and role of biomarkers as prognostic and predictive factors to intravitreal treatment response.

Quantitative analysis of retinal and choroidal vasculature in patients with chorioretinal folds secondary to hyperopia.

Introduction: There is a lack of information on quantitative parameters of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in cases of chorioretinal folds (CRF). The aim of this study was to compare OCTA retinal and choriocapillary vessel density (VD) between normal subjects and patients with CRF.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study.

Vitamin A retinopathy secondary to Billroth II anastomosis triggered after the beginning of dialysis.

Purpose: To report a case of vitamin A retinopathy secondary to Billroth II anastomosis triggered after the beginning of dialysis in a patient with a chronic renal failure.

Case Report: A 73-year-old male complained of nyctalopia that had started 9 months ago, coinciding with the beginning of dialysis. His medical history is remarkable for hepatic cirrhosis and Billroth II anastomosis 20 years ago.

Two-year results of a treat and extend regimen with aflibercept in Caucasian patients with aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization.

Introduction: There are a few reports investigating the treatment of aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (AT1) in Caucasian patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the 2-year results of a treat and extend regimen with aflibercept in Caucasian patients with AT1.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in 28 eyes of 26 patients with naïve AT1 treated with a treat an extend regimen of intravitreal aflibercept.

Multimodal imaging of two cases of retinal vein occlusion secondary to Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Purpose: To report multimodal imaging characteristics of two cases of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) secondary to Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM).

Case Report: Case 1: An 82-year-old woman presented with vision loss. She had a history of WM.

A case of bilateral unusual retinal hemorrhages in a COVID-19 patient.

Purpose: There have been anecdotal reports of ocular manifestations in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the pandemic is spreading and the whole picture is yet unknown, ophthalmologists should be aware of unusual ocular presentations of COVID-19 since they could precede the development of severe respiratory distress.

Methods: We report here the first case of a patient with bilateral unusual dot-blot retinal hemorrhages and retinal venous dilation who presented shortly thereafter a PCR-proven COVID-19.

Pachychoroid: current concepts on clinical features and pathogenesis.

Purpose: The term "pachychoroid" refers to a newly described phenotype in which functional and structural choroidal changes are thought to play a key pathogenic role in a spectrum of related retinal disorders. A more detailed understanding of how the choroid is involved within this spectrum and a better knowledge of the most relevant clinical signs of the pachychoroid phenotype are important to differentiate these disorders from other retinal conditions. Our objectives are to provide a literature review of pachychoroid and the commonalities that may be present across pathologies included in the spectrum, and to provide details on the examination, monitoring, and management of these disorders.

Effect of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant on Visual Acuity and Foveal Photoreceptor Integrity in Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vascular Disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dexamethasone intravitreal (DEX) implant on the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity in treatment-naïve patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vascular disease (RVD).

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on patients with ME secondary to RVD, who underwent a DEX implant.

Results: One-hundred eyes were included.

Peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy: A novel entity.

Purpose: Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome is a new variant of pachychoroid disease recently described. It is important to establish the features and pathogenic mechanisms of this novel entity and its possible association with type 1 neovascularization. The aim of this study is to report a case of peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, a novel entity of pachychoroid spectrum disease.