Macular Inner Retinal Layer Thinning in Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

The aim of this study was to use Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) to measure the thickness of the Macular Inner Retinal Layer (MIRL) and compare the results between diabetic patients with no signs of retinopathy and healthy subjects. Overall, 47 type 2 diabetic patients without clinical signs of retinopathy were prospectively analyzed along with 36 healthy subjects. This study excluded patients with other systemic or ocular diseases.

Macular pigment in retinal health and disease.

Lutein and zeaxanthin, two carotenoid pigments of the xanthophyll subclass, are present in high concentrations in the retina, especially in the macula. They work as a filter protecting the macula from blue light and also as a resident antioxidant and free radical scavenger to reduce oxidative stress-induced damage. Many observational and interventional studies have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin may reduce the risk of various eye diseases, especially late forms of AMD.

Association of age and macular pigment optical density using dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging.

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that macular pigment may play a protective role against age-related macular degeneration, but the influence of age on macular pigment density levels remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between age and the normal distribution of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values surrounding the fovea.

Methods: Consecutive healthy subjects with no evidence of ocular disease were enrolled in this study.

The physics and psychophysics of microperimetry.

Purpose: To assess the influences of stimulus parameters (physics) on measures of visual field sensitivity (psychophysics).

Methods: Subjects' thresholds were measured on three different clinically available perimeters: the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), the Nidek MP1 (MP1), and the Opko OCT/SLO (OSLO). On all machines, visual field testing was done with a 10-2 spatial distribution of test points, using Goldmann Size III and Size I stimuli, with a presentation time of 200 ms, and using a 4-2 threshold algorithm.

[Idiopathic retinal, vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis (IRVAN): case report].

A case of a 14 year-old boy that was admitted complaining of bilateral ocular visual blurring for 2 years is reported. The ophthalmological examination disclosed bilateral mild optic disc hyperemia and swelling, retinal exudation, few retinal hemorrhages, multiple aneurysms, as well as vasculitis. Fluorescein angiography showed extensive peripheral retinal ischemia, dilatations and hyperfluorescence of the vessels walls, and leakage of the optic disc in the late phases in both eyes.

[Structural evaluation of posterior pole in patients with Behçet's disease].

Purpose: To evaluate demographic findings, ocular manifestations, vascular and morphological changes by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography of retina and choroid in cases of ocular Behçet's disease.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed to obtain data from 16 patients with Behçet's disease who were in inactive phase. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination, simultaneous fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Combined Baerveldt glaucoma implant and scleral buckling surgery for patients with retinal detachment and coexisting glaucoma.

Purpose: To report on the usefulness of combined Baerveldt glaucoma implantation (BGI) and scleral buckling surgery for patients with glaucoma requiring a scleral buckle for retinal detachment repair.

Methods: Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative, and interventional case series of 30 eyes (30 patients) that underwent simultaneous scleral buckle and BGI surgery, using a staged (group 1, n=21 patients) or nonstaged (group 2, n=9 patients) approach to BGI implantation. Successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control was defined as 6 mm Hg≤IOP≤18 mm Hg.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for early glaucoma assessment: analysis of macular ganglion cell complex versus peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

Objective: We sought to compare the glaucoma discrimination ability of macular inner retinal layer (MIRL) thickness with that of conventional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with early glaucoma.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: We studied 67 patients with early glaucoma (visual field mean deviation index ≥-6 dB), and 56 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled.

Simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy combined with high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a review.

We aimed to evaluate technical aspects and the clinical relevance of a simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and a high-speed, high-resolution, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) device for retinal imaging. The principle of confocal scanning laser imaging provides a high resolution of retinal and choroidal vasculature with low light exposure. Enhanced contrast, details, and image sharpness are generated using confocality.

Influence of optic disc size on the diagnostic performance of macular ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer analyses in glaucoma.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of optic disc size on the diagnostic accuracy of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and conventional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) analyses provided by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in glaucoma.

Methods: Eighty-two glaucoma patients and 30 healthy subjects were included. All patients underwent GCC (7 × 7 mm macular grid, consisting of RNFL, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers) and pRNFL thickness measurement (3.

Correlation between spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and visual outcomes in central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and visual outcomes following resolution of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Patients with recent onset CRVO who had undergone SD-OCT and fluorescein angiography (FA) exams on the day of initial presentation were included. All patients had resolution of macular edema in SD-OCT images at the end of follow-up, and they were separated into two groups according to final visual acuity: group 1 (≤20/200) and group 2 (>20/200).

Qualitative spectral OCT/SLO analysis of drusen change in dry age-related macular degeneration patients treated with Copaxone.

Purpose: High-resolution spectral domain OCT/SLO (SD-OCT) has become an increasingly useful tool for differentiating drusen morphologic parameters such as shape, internal reflectivity, homogeneity, and presence of overlying hyperreflective foci. Our purpose was to evaluate which types of drusen may respond to Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients by shrinking or disappearing.

Methods: A prospective and interventional clinical trial of patients with dry AMD who received subcutaneous treatment with Copaxone or sham injections was conducted.

Factors affecting the variability of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III measurements in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To determine factors associated with the test-retest variability of optic nerve head (ONH) topography measurements with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) in newly diagnosed glaucomatous patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma were prospectively enrolled. Patients presenting with any ocular disease other than glaucoma were excluded.

Macular pigment optical density measured by dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparative study.

Purpose: To compare macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients by using dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging and to investigate the correlation of MPOD with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid levels.

Methods: Forty-three patients were divided into groups 1 (controls, n = 14), 2 (diabetic without retinopathy, n = 17), and 3 (diabetic with mild nonproliferative retinopathy, n = 12). MPOD was measured with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and compared among groups (analysis of variance).

Intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab therapy for combined papillophlebitis and central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To report a case of an idiopathic, unilateral combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in a young, healthy patient successfully treated with combined intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab injection.

Methods: Interventional case report. A 38-year-old man presented with a 2-hour history of acute painless loss of vision in his right eye.

Hypotensive effect of juxtascleral administration of anecortave acetate in different types of glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of anecortave acetate, delivered by anterior juxtascleral depot injection, in eyes with various forms of glaucoma.

Methods: A prospective, interventional case series was carried out. Twenty-eight uncontrolled glaucoma patients received a single injection of anecortave acetate (24 to 30 mg) in 1 selected eye under topical anesthesia.

Corneal viscoelasticity differences between diabetic and nondiabetic glaucomatous patients.

Purpose: To investigate corneal viscoelasticity in primary open-angle glaucoma patients with and without diabetes mellitus, and to correlate corneal hysteresis (CH) with central corneal thickness (CCT).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 44 primary open-angle glaucoma patients [19 with diabetes (34 eyes) and 25 without diabetes (40 eyes)] underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Data collected by masked investigators included CH and CCT using the Ocular Response Analyzer.

Multiple wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer defects in a patient with optic nerve glioma in the contralateral eye: case report.

This case report describes a young non-glaucomatous patient with neurofibromatosis and previous history of optic nerve glioma, which developed multiple wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer defects close to a chorioretinal scar in the fellow eye. After discussing the different possible etiologies to the wedge-shaped defects, the disruption of the nerve fiber layer due to the chorioretinal lesion was considered the most plausible cause. However, further follow-up with visual field assessment, optic nerve head documentation and neuroimaging is mandatory in this case and may provide additional information to better understand it.

Comparison between macular pigment optical density measurements using two-wavelength autofluorescence and heterochromatic flicker photometry techniques.

Purpose: The association of macular pigment (MP) with age-related macular degeneration has been extensively studied in recent years, and interest in a rapid, objective, and accurate technique to measure MP optical density (MPOD) has increased. The purpose of this study was to compare the MPOD values at specific loci around the fovea using the heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and the two-wavelength autofluorescence (AF) methods in a young, healthy population.

Methods: Ten patients (20 eyes) were enrolled.

Correlation between spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and fluorescein angiography patterns in diabetic macular edema.

Objective: To study the relationship between spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and fluorescein angiography (FA) patterns in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study.

Participants: We included 59 eyes from 59 patients with DME that had SD-OCT/scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and FA performed on the same day.