[Consensus statement of the Chilean endocrinological society on the role of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes].

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity are a public health problem in Chile. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative to achieve a significant and sustained weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. The results of controlled clinical trials indicate that, compared to medical treatment, surgery for obese patients with DM2 allows a better control of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors, reduces the need for medications and increases the likelihood for remission.

[Spontaneous remission of acromegaly and Cushing's disease in older patients. Report of two cases].

Pituitary diseases such as acromegaly and Cushing's disease require surgical or medical therapy. In some functioning pituitary tumors, a spontaneous remission of hormonal hypersecretion is observed, mainly associated to apoplexy or pituitary infarction. We report the evolution of two female patients older than 70 years at the time of diagnosis, with multiple comorbidities.

[False negative spect parathyroid scintigraphy with sestamibi in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism].

Background: 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT scintigraphy is a useful tool in the pre-operative study of hyperparathyroidism. False negatives (FN) have been reported in 5.7-14% of the examinations.

[Clinical features of patients with Basedow Graves disease seen at a university hospital].

Background: Basedow Graves disease (BGD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism. The characteristics of patients seen at a university hospital may differ from those described in the general population.

Aim: To describe the clinical features of patients with BGD seen at a university hospital.

[Serum lipid levels in a group of cocaine dependent subjects in recent abstinence].

Background: Chronic cocaine users develop multiple potentially lethal ischemic vascular complications associated with accelerated atherosclerosis.

Aim: To assess biochemical and lipid profiles among cocaine dependent subjects in recent abstinence.

Material And Methods: A blood sample to measure blood count, biochemical and lipid profiles was obtained from 78 patients aged 19 to 53 years (78% males) who complied with DSM-IV criteria for cocaine dependency.

[Second Consensus of the Chilean Society of Endocrinology and Diabetes about insulin resistance].

Insulin resistance is a prevalent condition commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyles. It affects several metabolic pathways, increasing risk of abnormalities at different organ levels. Thus, diverse medical specialties should be involved in its diagnosis and treatment.

Relationship of cortisol levels and genetic polymorphisms to antidepressant response to placebo and fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder: a prospective study.

Background: Increased cortisol levels and genetic polymorphisms have been related to both major depressive disorder and antidepressant treatment outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between circadian salivary cortisol levels, cortisol suppression by dexamethasone and genetic polymorphisms in some HPA axis-related genes to the response to placebo and fluoxetine in depressed patients.

Methods: The diagnosis and severity of depression were performed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.

[Bone mineral density disminution post Roux-Y bypass surgery].

Introduction: Bariatric surgery has important metabolic complications such as bone mass loss.

Goal: To assess bone mineral density (BMD) after Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB) in patients under standard calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Method: In patients with morbid obesity submitted to RYGB, 76 women and 22 men of diverse age, all with standard nutritional instruction including vitamin D and calcium, we measured BMD with a dual X-ray densitometer.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with mild obesity: preliminary results of surgical treatment.

In the last years, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become a serious public health problem, behaving as epidemic diseases. There is great interest in exploring different options for the treatment of T2DM in nonmorbidly obese patients. The purpose of this study is to report parameters of glycemic control in patients with T2DM and mild obesity who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP).

Endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone and radioactive iodine uptake in normal subjects.

In 105 normal volunteers, 52 male and 53 female, mean age 45 (range, 20-68), serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (1.46 ± 0.7; range, 0.

[Salivary cortisol among subjects with and without Cushing syndrome].

Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is recommended as a screening mea-sure when a Cushing Syndrome is suspected. The proposed cut-off point for a probably diagnosis is 0.16 ug/dL.

[Frequency of positive anti thyroid peroxidase antibody titers among normal individuals].

Background: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a pathogenic role in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Between 10 and 19% of individuals without thyroid disease, have positive titers of these antibodies.

Aim: To study the frequency of positive titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in healthy individuals.

Decreased liver fatty acid delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase activity in obese patients.

Steatosis in obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients is a clinicopathological condition associated with depletion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), a feature that may be related to PUFA desaturation. Liver Delta-6 and Delta-5 desaturase (Delta-6D and Delta-5D) activities, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were evaluated in 13 obese patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastro-jejunal anastomosis in Roux-en-Y and 15 nonobese patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (controls). Liver Delta-6D and Delta-5D activities in obese patients were 87% and 66% lower than controls (P < 0.

Enhancement in liver SREBP-1c/PPAR-alpha ratio and steatosis in obese patients: correlations with insulin resistance and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion.

Sterol receptor element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) mRNA expression was assessed in liver as signaling mechanisms associated with steatosis in obese patients. Liver SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha mRNA (RT-PCR), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a) mRNA (real-time RT-PCR), and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA)(GLC) contents, plasma adiponectin levels (RIA), and insulin resistance (IR) evolution (HOMA) were evaluated in 11 obese patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastro-jejunal anastomosis in Roux-en-Y and 8 non-obese subjects who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (controls). Liver SREBP-1c and FAS mRNA levels were 33% and 70% higher than control values (P<0.

Liver NF-kappaB and AP-1 DNA binding in obese patients.

Oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) are major contributors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the progression from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our aim was to assess nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1) activation and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression as signaling mechanisms related to liver injury in obese NAFLD patients, and examined potential correlations among them, oxidative stress, and IR. Liver NF-kappaB and AP-1 (electromobility shift assay (EMSA)), TLR4 expression (western blot), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and IR evolution (HOMA) were evaluated in 17 obese patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastro-jejunal anastomosis in Roux-en-Y and 10 nonobese subjects who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (controls).

Evaluation of the effect of caloric restriction on serum BDNF in overweight and obese subjects: preliminary evidences.

Unlabelled: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a new element related with insulin resistance and obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 3-month reduced-calorie diet (RCD) on serum BDNF concentrations in overweight and obese subjects.

Subjects: Seventeen healthy overweight and obese subjects of both sexes (24 - 48 years, BMI 34.

[Immunohistochemistry for pituitary hormones and Ki-67 in growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas].

Background: Growth hormone (GH) producing adenomas, frequently express several hormones. This condition could confer them a higher proliferative capacity. Ki-67 is a nuclear protein antigen that is a marker for proliferative activity.

Interleukin-6 production and deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with major depressive disorders.

The present study was designed to determine whether an association exists between HPA activity and cytokine production in major depression (MD). In 9 patients with MD and 11 control subjects of both sexes, all drug-free, activity of the HPA axis was evaluated by circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol, 24-h free urinary cortisol, an overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, and an oCRF stimulation test. Spontaneous and LPS-stimulated production of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also determined.

Role of stress and sympathetic innervation in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.

This article presents a review of the role of the sympathetic activity in ovarian pathologies affecting reproductive function. We provide a succinct outline of the findings of our group in this area. The participation of stress as an etiological factor for ovarian pathologies throughout animal models and data in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome give strong support for participation of sympathetic nerves in the ovary function both in normal and pathological status.

Ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 secretion in whole blood from Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with or without aggressive periodontitis.

Several studies have demonstrated that diabetes is a risk factor for developing periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence and severity. Furthermore, periodontitis may impair the metabolic control and adequate treatment of diabetic patients. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria penetrates the periodontal tissues and subsequently recruits and activates immune cells.

Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha production in ex vivo short term cultured whole blood from women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

In mammals, the pleiotropic biological functions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may include important effects on human reproductive physiology. Thus, chronic anovulation, oligo or amenorrhea, infertility, hyperandrogenism, obesity, insulin resistance and increased TNFalpha serum levels have been observed in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Whole blood short - term cell cultures (WBSC) are simple systems where the capacity to produce TNF-alpha by circulating leukocytes, mainly of the macrophage/monocyte lineage, can be accurately quantified.

[Periodontal health status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, from 18 to 30 years-old, from Santiago de Chile].

Background: The prevalence of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, is higher in diabetic patients and can have severe functional and esthetic consequences early in their lives.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetics, aged between 18 and 30 years old, living in Santiago de Chile.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred male and female type 1 diabetics were examined.