Spirituality in Coping with Pain in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Spirituality has been identified as an adaptive coping strategy and a predictor of better quality of life in cancer patients. Despite the relevance of spirituality in the health-disease process, it is noted that the assessment of the impact of spirituality in coping with pain is still incipient. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of spirituality in coping with pain in cancer patients.

Factors associated with knowledge of the disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with the level of knowledge of the disease in people with type 2 Diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 412 people with diabetes registered in the Primary Health Care network of a Brazil Northeast municipality. For data collection, we used a questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables and to identify the level of knowledge, we used the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire.

Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction from Eugenia pruniformis leaves.

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential.

Leishmania amazonensis infection induces behavioral alterations and modulates cytokine and neurotrophin production in the murine cerebral cortex.

Neurological symptoms have been associated with Leishmania infection, however little is known about how the nervous system is affected in leishmaniasis. This work aimed to analyze parasitic load, production of cytokines/neurotrophins in the prefrontal cortex and behavioral changes in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. At 2 and 4months post-infection, infected mice showed a decrease in IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 cytokines and BDNF and NGF neurotrophins in prefrontal cortex associated with increased anxiety behavior.

The histopathological and immunological pattern of CBA mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis after treatment with pyrazole carbohydrazide derivatives.

Because there is no vaccine in clinical use, control of Leishmaniasis relies almost exclusively on chemotherapy and the conventional treatments exhibit high toxicity for patients and emerging drug resistance. Recently, we showed that oral treatment with synthetic pyrazole carbohydrazide compounds induced lower parasite load in draining lymph nodes and reduced skin lesion size without causing any toxic effects in an experimental murine infection model with Leishmania amazonensis. In this study, CBA mice were infected in the footpad with L.

4-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives: identifying new active antileishmanial structures for use against a neglected disease.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease responsible for about 56,000 deaths every year. Despite its importance, there are no effective, safe and proper treatments for leishmaniasis due to strain resistance and/or drug side-effects. In this work we report the synthesis, molecular modeling, cytotoxicity and the antileishmanial profile of a series of 4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamides.

Synthesis and antileishmanial evaluation of 1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives.

A series of 1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles (4a-g) and 5-amino-1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles (5a-g) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against three Leishmania species: L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L.

The in vivo activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide compounds in the treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.

Objectives: Researchers have recently investigated the biological activities of mesoionic (MI) compounds, which have shown in vitro activity against many species of Leishmania, as well as Trypanosoma cruzi. The main goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the activity of three MI compounds against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum infection in vivo.

Methods: The experiments were carried out using BALB/c mice infected with L.

Effect of oral treatment with pyrazole carbohydrazide derivatives against murine infection by Leishmania amazonensis.

Newly synthesized pyrazole carbohydrazide derivatives with substituents X = Br/Y = NO(2) and X = NO(2)/Y = Cl were independently investigated in the CBA mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Animals were infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated two weeks after the parasitic infection with the pyrazole carbohydrazides for 45 days. Oral treatment with both compounds controlled evolution of footpad cutaneous lesions and dissemination of parasites to draining lymph nodes.

Antileishmanial activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide in mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis.

The efficacy of two mesoionic derivatives (MI-H-H and MI-4-OCH(3)) was evaluated in CBA/J mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. Treatment with these compounds demonstrated that the MI-4-OCH(3) derivative and the reference drug meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) presented significant activity relative to an untreated control. No apparent hepatic or renal toxicity due to these mesoionic compounds was found.

A comparative study of mesoionic compounds in Leishmania sp. and toxicity evaluation.

In this first study, a series of mesoionic compounds like 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine derivatives were synthesized and studied in Leishmania amazonensis. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds on the host cells were investigated and the antileishmanial in vitro activity was compared with other species of Leishmania (Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania braziliensis). The compounds presented lower toxicity in murine macrophages than the reference drug pentamidine.

Synthesis and leishmanicidal activities of 1-(4-X-phenyl)-N'-[(4-Y-phenyl)methylene]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides.

1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides were synthesized and their leishmanicidal in vitro activities and cytotoxic effects were investigated. The drugs prototypes of these new compounds (ketoconazole, benznidazole, allopurinol and pentamidine) were also tested. It was found that among all the 1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides derivatives examined, the most active compounds were those with X = Br, Y = NO2 (27) and X = NO2, Y = Cl (15) derivatives which showed to be most effective on promastigotes forms of L.

Cross-immunity experiments between different species or strains of Leishmania in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

This study evaluates cross-immunity in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) previously infected with one species of Leishmania and have had self-cured disease or were cured by antimony-based therapy upon development of full-blown disease. We found that a self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) following experimental infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) major induces significant protection for L. (L.