Long-term graft survival in patients with Down syndrome after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To determine graft survival and long-term visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus in patients with Down syndrome.

Methods: The records of all patients with Down syndrome who received PK by the same provider were reviewed. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine long-term graft survival, incidence of graft failure, and complication rate.

Dominant familial congenital entropion with tarsal hypoplasia and atrichosis.

Background: Congenital entropion and atrichosis of the lower eyelids associated with tarsal hypoplasia is a rare condition, with isolated reports in the literature and without previous pathologic examination.

Methods: Case report. A father and son with mild entropion, lower eyelash atrichosis, and tarsal hypoplasia are described.

Warm balanced salt solution for clearing tear film precipitation during cataract surgery.

Adequate anterior segment visualization during cataract surgery can be hindered when excessive tear film secretions precipitate on the corneal surface before the initial corneal incision is made. In most cases, room-temperature balanced salt solution applied to the corneal surface clears the debris. However, in cases in which tear film precipitates persist after the use of room-temperature balanced salt solution, the application of warm balanced salt solution can provide rapid and sustained dispersion of the precipitates.

Analysis of anterior and posterior corneal curvature changes using Orbscan technology in radial keratotomy eyes exposed to hypoxia.

Purpose: To study the changes in anterior and posterior corneal curvatures in radial keratotomy (RK) and normal eyes exposed to hypoxia using Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb) technology.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.

Methods: At sea level, 11 RK subjects and 10 control subjects were exposed to ocular surface hypoxia in 1 eye by filtering humidified, compressed 100% nitrogen (0% oxygen) through an airtight goggle system for 2 hours.