Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Soy Protein Hydrolysates.

Identifying and developing ice recrystallization inhibitors from sustainable food proteins such as soy protein isolate (SPI) can lead to practical applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this study was to investigate the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of SPI hydrolysates, and this was achieved by using an IRI activity-guided fractionation approach and relating IRI activity to interfacial molecular activity measured by vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG). In addition, the impact of molecular weight (MW) and enzyme specificity was analyzed using three different proteases (Alcalase, trypsin, and pancreatin) and varying hydrolysis times.

Succinylation of zein and gelatin hydrolysates improved their ice recrystallization inhibition activity.

The goal of this research was to enhance the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of zein and gelatin hydrolysates (ZH and GH, respectively) by succinylation modification. ZH was prepared by Alcalase treatment for 3 h and then modified by succinic anhydride (SA); whereas GH was made by Alcalase hydrolysis for 0.25 h and succinylated by n-octylsuccinic anhydride (OSA).

Lunasin reduces the susceptibility of IL-10 deficient mice to inflammatory bowel disease and modulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract leading to lower quality of life and productivity. Our goal was to investigate the protective effect of the soy peptide lunasin in an in vivo model of susceptibility to IBD and to identify the potential mechanism of action in vitro. In IL-10 deficient mice, oral administration of lunasin reduced the number and frequency of mice exhibiting macroscopic signs of susceptibility to inflammation and significantly decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 by up to 95%, 90%, 90%, and 47%, respectively, in different sections of the small and large intestines.

Bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of native fruits from Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to extract, identify, and quantify the phenolic compounds in grumixama (Eugenia brasilienses Lam.) and guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens), native fruits from southern region of Brazil, and to explore their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenolic compounds were extracted with acidified water and acidified methanol and evaluated for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Antioxidant, Immunostimulatory, and Anticancer Properties of Hydrolyzed Wheat Bran Mediated through Macrophages Stimulation.

Previous studies demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis enhances wheat bran (WB) biological properties. This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of a WB hydrolysate (HYD) and a mousse enriched with HYD (MH) before and after in vitro digestion on murine and human macrophages. The antiproliferative activity of the harvested macrophage supernatant on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was also analyzed.

Probiotic activity of ropy NA isolated from Chinese northeast sauerkraut and comparative evaluation of its live and heat-killed cells on antioxidant activity and RAW 264.7 macrophage stimulation.

Lactic acid bacteria are known to have a positive impact on health and considered as functional supplements and additives. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of ropy isolated from Chinese northeast sauerkraut and to determine the antioxidant and immunoregulatory activities of its heat-killed cells compared to its live strains to assess its functional activity. After the analysis of the 16r DNA and phylogenetic tree, it was identified as a and named NA.

A novel automated protocol for ice crystal segmentation analysis using Cellpose and Fiji.

Accurate measurement of ice crystal size is an essential step in quantitative ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) analysis using the sucrose sandwiching assay (SSA) and splat assay (SA). Here, we introduce a novel method of measuring ice crystal size and shape using Fiji and Cellpose, an anatomical segmentation algorithm, to address the time-consuming and limited number of ice particle determination associated with the mean largest grain size measurement. This new automated approach, displaying rapid segmentation of ∼70 s per image, measures every ice crystal in an image field of view, consequently reducing bias introduced by subjectively selecting the largest crystals in an image.

Bovine milk exosomes affected proliferation of macrophages under hypoxia.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles implicated in cell-to-cell communication. The objective was to investigate the effect of exosomes in macrophages under hypoxia. Exosomes were isolated from skim milk using differential centrifugation and was characterized by particle size and exosomal markers TSG101, CD81, and ALIX.

Nanoencapsulation of apigenin with whey protein isolate: physicochemical properties, activity against colorectal cancer cells, and bioavailability.

Incorporating lipophilic phytochemicals with anti-cancer activities in functional beverages requires an appropriate nanoencapsulation technology. The present objective was to encapsulate apigenin with whey protein isolate (WPI) utilizing a pH-cycle method and subsequently characterize physicochemical properties, the anticancer activities against human colorectal HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cells, and the bioavailability. Up to 2.

Synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin and curcumin co-encapsulated in caseins assessed with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Dietary polyphenols are potential anti-inflammatory agents, and their combinations with enhanced biological activities may lower toxicity and side effects. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential synergistic anti-inflammatory activities of apigenin and curcumin co-nanoencapsulated in sodium caseinate, with comparison to unencapsulated polyphenol combinations. Non-toxic concentrations of apigenin, curcumin, and their combinations in the free and co-encapsulated forms were studied in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.

Utilization of tofu processing wastewater as a source of the bioactive peptide lunasin.

The goal of our study was to design a simple and feasible method to obtain lunasin, a naturally-occurring bioactive peptide, from tofu whey wastewater. A combination of alcoholic precipitation of high-molecular weight proteins from the whey, isoelectric precipitation of lunasin enriched material, and purification via gel filtration chromatography was selected as the best approach using tofu whey prepared at the laboratory scale. This process was applied to tofu whey produced by a local tofu factory and 773 mg of 80% purity lunasin was obtained per kg of dry tofu whey.

Physicochemical, functional and bioactive properties of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) meal, a co-product of hempseed oil and protein production, as affected by drying process.

Hempseed meal after protein isolation (HM-PI) is a co-product obtained from hempseed. The objectives were to characterize and determine the effect of drying on HM-PI. HM-PI was produced using three drying methods: freeze (FD), vacuum oven (VOD), and oven drying (OD).

Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties of Partially purified Exopolysaccharide from Isolated from Chinese Northeast Sauerkraut.

Background: Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from spp. have been found to have biological activities. Our previous work demonstrated the antibiofilm activity of EPS from NA-2 ( NA-2) isolated from northeast Chinese sauerkraut (Suan Cai).

A Comparative Study on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Sorghum in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Sorghum is an important cereal with diverse phenolic compounds that have potential health promoting benefits. The current study comparatively characterized the phenolic contents of two novel black-seeded sorghum lines (SC84 and PI570481) using different extraction systems (water, ethanol and their acidified counterparts) and evaluated their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Phenolic compositions were determined by spectrophotometric assays and HPLC analysis.

Electrosterically stabilized cellulose nanocrystals demonstrate ice recrystallization inhibition and cryoprotection activities.

Ice recrystallization inhibitors have emerged as novel cryoprotectants to improve cell viability for cryopreservation. Nanocelluloses were identified as new materials for ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI); however, conventional nanocelluloses aggregate and lose IRI activity at high ionic strengths, which limit their application as cryoprotectants. In this study, we synthesized a novel group of nanocelluloses - electrosterically stabilized cellulose nanocrystals (ECNCs), which remained dispersed and IRI-active at high ionic strengths.

Bovine Milk Exosomes Affect Proliferation and Protect Macrophages against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity.

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication. The objectives were to characterize bovine milk exosomes (BME) and determine its effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Antibacterial potential of a novel Lactobacillus casei strain isolated from Chinese northeast sauerkraut and the antibiofilm activity of its exopolysaccharides.

Lactobacillus spp., as probiotics, have shown efficacy in the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus casei NA-2, which was isolated from northeast sauerkraut in China.

Effect of heating on the digestibility of isolated hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) protein and bioactivity of its pepsin-pancreatin digests.

The objective was to investigate the effects of heat pretreatment and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on potential antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) proteins. Unheated isolated hempseed protein (IHP) and its heated counterparts (100 °C, 15 min and 30 min, termed as HP15D and HP30D) were hydrolyzed sequentially with pepsin and pancreatin and analyzed for digestibility and bioactivity (antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties).

BG-4 from Bitter Gourd () Differentially Affects Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.

BG-4 isolated from bitter gourd has been reported for anti-cancer properties. The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of BG-4 in vitro and in vivo. Comparative study of the anti-inflammatory properties of BG-4 in vitro and in vivo was conducted on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages, and on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.

Sorghum Phenolics Inhibits Inflammasomes in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Primed and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)-Activated Macrophages.

Sorghum contains phenolic compounds with reported biological activities. The objective was to evaluate the ability of sorghum phenolic extract to inhibit inflammasomes in THP-1 human macrophages. THP-1 human macrophages was pre-treated with sorghum phenolics and the inflammasome was activated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate treatment.

Combinatorial effect of blueberry extracts and oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cells.

The use of natural compounds to potentiate the effect of drugs and lower their adverse effects is an active area of research. The objective is to determine the effect of combined blueberry extracts (BE) and oxaliplatin (OX) in colon cancer cells. The results demonstrated that treatments of BE/OX showed inhibitory effects on HCT-116 cell and nontoxic effect on CCD-18Co normal colon cells.

BG-4, a novel bioactive peptide from momordica charantia, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in THP-1 human macrophages.

Background: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a commonly used food crop for management of a variety of diseases most notably for control of diabetes, a disease associated with aberrant inflammation.

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of BG-4, a novel bioactive peptide isolated from the seed of bitter melon.

Methods: Differentiated THP-1 human macrophages were pre-treated with BG-4 and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.

Kafirin from Sorghum bicolor inhibition of inflammation in THP-1 human macrophages is associated with reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species.

Aberrant inflammation as a result of activation of the transmembrane protein Toll-like receptor 4 belonging to pattern recognition receptor and subsequent phosphorylation of signaling proteins facilitated by reactive oxygen species has been linked to a myriad of diseases. Sorghum is a drought-resistant cereal with health promoting properties associated with its biologically active substances such as kafirin. Kafirin is an alcohol soluble protein and accounts for as much as 70% of the total proteins in sorghum.

Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in addition to Bowman-Birk inhibitor influence stability of lunasin against pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis.

Soybean contains several biologically active components and one of this belongs to the bioactive peptide group. The objectives of this study were to produce different lunasin-enriched preparations (LEP) and determine the effect of Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) concentrations on the stability of lunasin against pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (PPH). In addition, the effect of KTI mutation on lunasin stability against PPH was determined.

Pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis reduced the ability of lunasin-enriched material to inhibit activation of the inflammasomes in THP-1 human macrophages.

Inflammation caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to many diseases. Lunasin is a bioactive peptide from soybeans with reported anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (PPH) on the ability of lunasin-enriched preparation (LEP) to inhibit inflammasome activation in differentiated THP-1 human macrophages.